An improved dust emission model – Part 1: Model description and  comparison against measurements

Kok, Jasper F.; Mahowald, N. M.; Fratini, Gerardo; Gillies, John A.; Ishizuka, Masahide; Leys, John; Mikami, Masato; Park, M.-S.; Pelt, R. Scott Van; Zobeck, Ted M.

doi:10.5194/acp-14-13023-2014

Cited by 177 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(232 reference statements)

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“…First, the lower bulk sandblasting efficiency at Oceano, compared to that of non-sandy soils, supports the common hypothesis that sandblasting efficiency increases sharply with clay-sized grain content (Marticorena and Bergametti, 1995;Kok et al, 2014). Second, we find that the bulk sandblasting efficiency of Oceano sand increases as a power law with shear velocity (Fig.…”

Section: Insights Into Processes Producing Dust From Active Sands At supporting

confidence: 84%

“…Because such 20 enhancement of sandblasting efficiency occurs despite invariance of mean saltator velocity with shear velocity (Martin and Kok, 2017), such changes in sandblasting efficiency must be driven instead by changes in the probability distribution of the saltator impact energies. The recent dust-emission model of Kok et al (2014) predicts a power law increase of the sandblasting efficiency with shear velocity for soils for which the typical saltator impact energy is substantially less than the threshold impact energy needed to overcome particle bonds. This power law increase occurs because, for such erosion-25 resistant soils, only particularly energetic saltator impacts are capable of emitting dust, and the fraction of saltators impacts that are particularly energetic increases non-linearly with wind shear velocity (see Fig.…”

Section: Insights Into Processes Producing Dust From Active Sands At mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine dust emissions from active sands at coastal Oceano Dunes, California

Huang¹,

Kok²,

Martin³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Sand dunes and other active sands generally have a low content of fine grains and, therefore, are not considered to be major dust sources in climate models. However, recent remote sensing studies have indicated that a surprisingly large fraction of dust storms are generated from regions covered by sand dunes, leading these studies to propose that sand dunes might be globally-relevant sources of dust. To help understand the dust emission potential of sand dunes and other active 15 sands, we present in situ field measurements of dust emission under natural saltation from a coastal sand sheet at Oceano Dunes in California. We find that saltation drives substantial dust emissions from this setting. Laboratory analyses of sand samples suggest that these emissions are produced by aeolian abrasion of feldspars and removal of coatings of clay minerals on sand grains. We further find that this emitted dust is substantially finer than dust emitted from non-sandy soils and dust observed in situ over North Africa. As such, dust emitted from the sand sheet, and potentially from other active sands 20 affected by similar dust emission processes, could have potent impacts on climate, the hydrological cycle, and human health.These measurements thus support the hypothesis that considerable emissions of fine dust can be generated by the reactivation of inactive dunes with accumulated clay minerals. This might occur due to future land-use changes and desertification, and is not currently represented in most climate models.

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Section: Insights Into Processes Producing Dust From Active Sands At supporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Insights Into Processes Producing Dust From Active Sands At mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine dust emissions from active sands at coastal Oceano Dunes, California

Huang¹,

Kok²,

Martin³

et al. 2018

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The Kok scheme is fully described in the articles Kok et al (2014b), Kok et al (2014a) and Mahowald et al (2014). The vertical dust flux is calculated as…”

Section: The Kok's Scheme For Mineral Dust Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where u * st0 represents u * st for an optimally erodible soil and was chosen as u * st0 = 0.16 m s −1 in Kok et al (2014b). The dimensionless coefficient C α is chosen as C α = 2.7.…”

Section: The Kok's Scheme For Mineral Dust Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHIMERE-2017: from urban to hemispheric chemistry-transport modeling

et al. 2017

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Abstract. CHIMERE is a chemistry-transport model designed for regional atmospheric composition. It can be used at a variety of scales from local to continental domains. However, due to the model design and its historical use as a regional model, major limitations had remained, hampering its use at hemispheric scale, due to the coordinate system used for transport as well as to missing processes that are important in regions outside Europe. Most of these limitations have been removed in the CHIMERE-2017 version, allowing its use in any region of the world and at any scale, from the scale of a single urban area up to hemispheric scale, with or without polar regions included. Other important improvements have been made in the treatment of the physical processes affecting aerosols and the emissions of mineral dust. From a computational point of view, the parallelization strategy of the model has also been updated in order to improve model numerical performance and reduce the code complexity. The present article describes all these changes. Statistical scores for a model simulation over continental Europe are presented, and a simulation of the circumpolar transport of volcanic ash plume from the Puyehue volcanic eruption in June 2011 in Chile provides a test case for the new model version at hemispheric scale.

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“…Zender et al, 2003;Jones et al, 2012;Albani et al, 2014;Huneeus et al, 2011), but alternative approaches exist (e.g. Shao, 2001;Kok et al, 2014). The emission scheme combines meteorological parameters with descriptions of land cover type, clay fraction of the soil and vegetation cover.…”

Section: K Klingmüller Et Al: Revised Mineral Dust Emissions In Emacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised mineral dust emissions in the atmospheric chemistry–climate model EMAC (MESSy 2.52 DU_Astitha1 KKDU2017 patch)

et al. 2018

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Abstract. To improve the aeolian dust budget calculations with the global ECHAM/MESSy atmospheric chemistryclimate model (EMAC), which combines the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) with the ECMWF/Hamburg (ECHAM) climate model developed at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg based on a weather prediction model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), we have implemented new input data and updates of the emission scheme.The data set comprises land cover classification, vegetation, clay fraction and topography. It is based on up-todate observations, which are crucial to account for the rapid changes of deserts and semi-arid regions in recent decades. The new Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based land cover and vegetation data are time dependent, and the effect of long-term trends and variability of the relevant parameters is therefore considered by the emission scheme. All input data have a spatial resolution of at least 0.1 • compared to 1 • in the previous version, equipping the model for high-resolution simulations.We validate the updates by comparing the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm wavelength from a 1-year simulation at T106 (about 1.1 • ) resolution with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and MODIS observations, the 10 µm dust AOD (DAOD) with Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) retrievals, and dust concentration and deposition results with observations from the Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom) dust benchmark data set. The update significantly improves agreement with the observations and is therefore recommended to be used in future simulations.

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An improved dust emission model – Part 1: Model description and comparison against measurements

Cited by 177 publications

References 101 publications

Fine dust emissions from active sands at coastal Oceano Dunes, California

Fine dust emissions from active sands at coastal Oceano Dunes, California

CHIMERE-2017: from urban to hemispheric chemistry-transport modeling

Revised mineral dust emissions in the atmospheric chemistry–climate model EMAC (MESSy 2.52 DU_Astitha1 KKDU2017 patch)

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