An improved analytical method for determination of heterocyclic amines in chicken legs

Abstract

SummarySeveral extraction, separation and detection methods for heterocyclic amines (HAs) in chicken legs were evaluated by liquid chromatography. Results showed that the most appropriate extraction method includes the removal of macrosubstances by centrifugation and subsequent purification using a PRS (propylsulfonic acid silica gel) and a C18 cartridge, and the recovery obtained ranged between 51 and 89 %. For HPLC separation, a binary solvent system consisting of acetonitrile and 0.05 M ammonium acetate solution (pH 3.6) with gradient elution with flow rate of 1.0 mL min -1 and detection at 258 nm was used to resolve 16 HAs. With fluorescence nine HAs could be detected by employing a programmable wavelength, and the sensitivity was 100-400 times higher than that by UV detection. The detection limits for UV and fluorescence detection were 0.02-0.5 ng and 0.05-3 pg respectively, with a signal-tonoise ratio 3. The presence of HAs in fried chicken legs was also determined.

Effects of heating time and antioxidants on the formation of heterocyclic amines in marinated foods

“…Instead, by heating a mixture of glucose and creatinine, and of glucose, creatinine and phenylalanine, several HAs such as IQx, A␣C and MeA␣C were generated. 15.93 ng/g. Likewise, a larger increase of 17.67 ng/g occurred in marinated juice, which was much higher than marinated bean cake.…”

“…A method developed by Gross and Gruter [14] and modified by Chen and Yang [15] was used to analyze the HAs content in marinated food samples and juice. Briefly, 10 g of ground food sample or 20 ml of marinated juice was mixed with 10 ml of 1 M NaOH and homogenized for 3 min.…”

Analytical methods applied to the determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines in foods

“…Some methods are based on the HAAs extraction by sample alkalinisation and subsequent extraction with kieselgur [109] or with diatomaceous earth (Extrelut-20) [1,5,8,9,11,41,45,[53][54][55][56]66,67,[69][70][71][72][73][74][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108]…”

“…Alkalinised samples are loaded onto Extrelut column that is coupled on-line with PRS, and dichloromethane is passed [8,11,45,48,49,53,67,70,74,78,79,81,82,84,87,90,91,[95][96][97][98]102,107,[111][112][113] in order to extract HAAs and other basic organosoluble materials. PRS can retain other dichloromethane-soluble compounds, which may interfere with the HAAs during HPLC analysis.…”

“…PRS can retain other dichloromethane-soluble compounds, which may interfere with the HAAs during HPLC analysis. In order to remove most of these co-extracted interfering peaks, the PRS cartridge is dried and rinsed with methanol-water [11,97,111,113] or with HCl [70,84,98,107,112] to activate the ion-exchange process, and it is then washed with methanol/HCl solution and water [8,45,48,49,53,67,70,74,79,81,82,84,87,90,91,[96][97][98]102,111,112]. Rinsing of PRS with methanol-HCl selectively desorbs the less polar analytes, such as some carbolines and PhIP.…”