An implantable and versatile piezoresistive sensor for the monitoring of human–machine interface interactions and the dynamical process of nerve repair

Abstract

A conductive sponge-based piezoresistive sensor for the noninvasive monitoring and dynamic evaluation of nerve repair.

Conductive Hydroxyethyl Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate/Polyaniline Conduits for Enhancing Peripheral Nerve Regeneration via Electrical Stimulation

“…Finally, a small quantity of polyaniline particles was found in the regenerated nerve, it is different from our previous results of HSPS sponge subcutaneous implantation in vivo (Wu et al, 2019). When the HSPS sponges were implanted subcutaneous after 3 weeks, polyaniline particles had been cleared by the body tissues (Wu et al, 2019).…”

“…The conductivity of HSPS was 1.7 S m −1 , which was detected was by four-probe method. The mean resistance of the HSPS sponge was 20.6 k detected in our previous work (Wu et al, 2019). Since both the sponge and the conduits are made from the same materials and used the same chemical reaction system, we can assume that the mean resistance of both the conduits and the sponge are 20.6 k .…”

“…The aniline monomer was dissolved in 1 M HCl solution, and the operating concentration of aniline is 0.2 M. Then the HEC/SPI conduits were dipped in aniline/HCl mixture and stirred for 30 min. The same volume of APS solution (0.2 M) was dropped into the aniline/HCl solution to induce the aniline in situ polymerization reaction for 2 h, which is the best polymerization time for conductivity according to our previous work (Wu et al, 2019). Then the HEC/SPI/polyaniline sponge (HSPS) conduits were rinsed with running water overnight to remove the acid, salt, and unpolymerized aniline for the animal experiments.…”

A review of flexible force sensors for human health monitoring

“…Due to biocompatibility and stability issues, most piezoresistive sensors used in human health monitoring are wearable devices, and there are relatively few reports on piezoresistive sensors in vivo. Wu et al [51] developed an implantable piezoresistive sensor. They uniformly dispersed natural biocompatible conductive composite materials, including hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), soybean protein isolate (SPI) and polyaniline (PANI), in a natural sponge to form an HSPS piezoresistive sensor.…”

Synthesis of ammonium persulfate microcapsule with a polyaniline shell and its controlled burst release

“…Polyaniline (PANI) is a kind of polymer material with good thermal stability, high mechanical strength, and excellent compactness, and has attracted special attention from researchers in recent years. 21,22 It has been widely used in water treatment, 23,24 catalysts, [25][26][27] supercapacitors, 28,29 anticorrosion coatings, 30,31 batteries, [32][33][34] sensors, 35,36 and electromagnetic shielding materials 37 due to its superior performance. Moreover, compared with the monomer of the unsaturated polyester resin, aniline has a lower oxidation potential, and oxidative polymerization is easily initiated by APS.…”