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 u study of dissolution and swelling behavior of poly-(methyl methacrylate) thin films in solvent/nonsolvent binary mixtures

Manjkow, J.; Papanu, J. S.; Soong, David S.; Hess, Dennis W.; Bell, Alexis T.

doi:10.1063/1.339742

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Previous work has shown that blends of good solvents and non-solvents can readily swell polymer fi lms, [ 85,86 ] We consider two cases when designing a blended fullerene deposition solvent: polymers that are insoluble in 2-CP (e.g., PSDTTT), and polymers that are soluble in 2-CP (e.g., PTB7). When 2-CP does not dissolve the polymer underlayer, swelling must be increased (i.e., χ must be decreased) by blending 2-CP with a good solvent for the polymer.…”

Section: Creating High Performance Bhj Opvs With the Sqp Co-solvent Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequential Processing for Organic Photovoltaics: Design Rules for Morphology Control by Tailored Semi‐Orthogonal Solvent Blends

Aguirre

Hawks

Ferreira

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

166

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Design rules are presented for significantly expanding sequential processing (SqP) into previously inaccessible polymer:fullerene systems by tailoring binary solvent blends for fullerene deposition. Starting with a base solvent that has high fullerene solubility, 2‐chlorophenol (2‐CP), ellipsometry‐based swelling experiments are used to investigate different co‐solvents for the fullerene‐casting solution. By tuning the Flory‐Huggins χ parameter of the 2‐CP/co‐solvent blend, it is possible to optimally swell the polymer of interest for fullerene interdiffusion without dissolution of the polymer underlayer. In this way solar cell power conversion efficiencies are obtained for the PTB7 (poly[(4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl)(3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl)]) and PC61BM (phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester) materials combination that match those of blend‐cast films. Both semicrystalline (e.g., P3HT (poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl)) and entirely amorphous (e.g., PSDTTT (poly[(4,8‐di(2‐butyloxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl)‐alt‐(2,5‐bis(4,4′‐bis(2‐octyl)dithieno[3,2‐b:2′3′‐d]silole‐2,6‐diyl)thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole)]) conjugated polymers can be processed into highly efficient photovoltaic devices using the solvent‐blend SqP design rules. Grazing‐incidence wide‐angle x‐ray diffraction experiments confirm that proper choice of the fullerene casting co‐solvent yields well‐ordered interdispersed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphologies without the need for subsequent thermal annealing or the use of trace solvent additives (e.g., diiodooctane). The results open SqP to polymer/fullerene systems that are currently incompatible with traditional methods of device fabrication, and make BHJ morphology control a more tractable problem.

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Section: Creating High Performance Bhj Opvs With the Sqp Co-solvent Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is why we chose IPA as our typical non-solvent, since alcohols readily wet most conjugated polymers as well as maintain or even enhance their swelling. [85][86][87][88][89] …”

Section: Creating High Performance Bhj Opvs With the Sqp Co-solvent Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Processing for Organic Photovoltaics: Design Rules for Morphology Control by Tailored Semi‐Orthogonal Solvent Blends

Aguirre

Hawks

Ferreira

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

166

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“…It can also provide quantitative information on the thickness of the transition layer between the dissolving polymer and liquid solvent. Rodriguez and co-workers [15,16,18,30,31] studied polymer dissolution for microlithography applications extensively. The basic apparatus is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Interferometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mixed solvents were also studied by Manjkow et al [31]. Solvent/non-solvent binary mixtures of MEK and isopropanol (MEK/IpOH) and MIBK and methanol (MIBK/MeOH) were used.…”

Section: Effects Of Different Solvents and Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of polymer dissolution

Miller-Chou

Koenig

2003

Progress in Polymer Science

881

665

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Polymer dissolution in solvents is an important area of interest in polymer science and engineering because of its many applications in industry such as microlithography, membrane science, plastics recycling, and drug delivery. Unlike nonpolymeric materials, polymers do not dissolve instantaneously, and the dissolution is controlled by either the disentanglement of the polymer chains or by the diffusion of the chains through a boundary layer adjacent to the polymer-solvent interface. This review provides a general overview of several aspects of the dissolution of amorphous polymers and is divided into four sections which highlight (1) experimentally observed dissolution phenomena and mechanisms reported to this date, (2) solubility behavior of polymers and their solvents, (3) models used to interpret and understand polymer dissolution, and (4) techniques used to characterize the dissolution process. q

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“…The resolution and minimum achievable pitch is not limited by the e-beam size (<3 nm). Instead, they are determined by resist swelling [7], proximity effect that leads to an undercut profile, and capillary force during the drying of the rinse solution, here IPA. Cellosolve developer that has a lower contrast suffers more from proximity effect, leading to more pronounced resist line distortion and collapse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%