An FTIR solid‐state analysis of the diffusion of hindered phenols in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE): The effect of molecular size on the diffusion coefficient

Möller, Kenneth; Gevert, Thomas

doi:10.1002/app.1994.070510512

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is shown that the values of activation energy ( E d ) and preexponential factor (ln D 0 ) of behenamide are larger than the values of erucamide. Möller and Gevert demonstrated that both E d and ln D 0 of hindered phenols in LDPE increased linearly as molar mass of hindered phenols increased 5. The molar mass of behenamide (MW, 340) is almost equal to the molar mass of erucamide (MW, 338).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New bleeding model of additives in a polypropylene film under atmospheric pressure

Wakabayashi

Kohno²,

Kimura³

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:Many additives are commercially used to add more favorable qualities to films. The bleeding process by which the additive in a film comes to the surface is considered. A new bleeding model of additives in a polypropylene film under atmospheric pressure was investigated. Solubility and diffusion are found to be important for explaining this bleeding process. The solubilities and diffusion coefficients of higher fatty acid amides such as erucamide (13-cis-docosenamide) and behenamide (docosanamide) were determined between 40 and 70°C and the difference between the solubilities and the diffusion coefficients was discussed. The experimental results are explained more precisely by assuming two transport processes between the crystalline regions and the amorphous ones.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many reports regarding the solubilities and the diffusions of additives in polymer films 1–12. To measure the diffusion coefficient and the solubility, the methods of using the permeation through a film, adsorption in a film, and release from a film have been devised 13–16.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New bleeding model of additives in a polypropylene film under atmospheric pressure

Wakabayashi

Kohno²,

Kimura³

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Studying the same homologous series linear relationships were established at given temperatures between the molecular mass of the penetrant and the diffusion coefficient plotted on logarithmic scales 4,41,42) . The activation energy of the diffusion coefficient was found to increase linearly with the molecular mass 41) , at least up to a given value 30) . However, the temperature dependence of D shows deviations for additives of similar molecular masses but of different shapes 4,42) .…”

Section: Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the effects influencing additive migration in polymers

Földes

1998

Angew. Makromol. Chem.

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“…Solubility and diffusion are, therefore, important parameters and are closely related processes which are often measured when assessing the migration behaviour of antioxidants in contact with a specific medium, e.g. food [22,[27][28][29]. In view of the importance of the physical retention of antioxidants in polymers, the solubility and diffusion coefficient of one of the rosemarinates, the stearyl rosmarinate (RA-Str), were measured in LDPE.…”

Section: Physical Characteristics and Radical Scavenging Activity Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

New genre of antioxidants from renewable natural resources: Synthesis and characterisation of rosemary plant-derived antioxidants and their performance in polyolefins

Doudin

Al‐Malaika

Sheena

et al. 2016

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Several ester derivatives of rosmarinic acid (rosmarinates) were synthesised, characterised (1D and 2D NMR, UV and FTIR spectroscopy) and tested for their potential use as antioxidants derived from a renewable natural resource. The intrinsic free radical scavenging activity of the rosmarinates was assessed, initially using a modified DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical) method, and found to be higher than that of commercial synthetic hindered phenol antioxidants Irganox 1076 and Irganox 1010. The thermal stabilising performance of the rosmarinates in polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) was subsequently examined and compared to that of samples prepared similarly but in the presence of Irganox 1076 (in PE) and Irganox 1010 (in PP) which are typically used for polyolefin stabilisation in industrial practice. The melt stability and the long-term thermo-oxidative stability (LTTS) of processed polymers containing the antioxidants were assessed by measuring the melt flow index (MFI), melt viscosity, oxidation induction time (OIT) and long-term (accelerated) thermal ageing performance. The results show that both the melt and the thermo-oxidative stabilisation afforded by the rosmarinates, and in particular the stearyl derivative, in both PE and PP, are superior to those of Irganox 1076 and Irganox 1010, hence their potential as effective sustainable bio-based antioxidants for polymers.The rosmarinic acid used for the synthesis of the rosmarinates esters in this study was obtained from commercial rosemary extracts (AquaROX80). Furthermore, a large number of different strains of UK-grown rosemary plants (Rosmarinum officinalis) were also extracted and analysed in order to examine their antioxidant content. It was found that the carnosic and the rosmarinic acids, and to a much lesser extent the carnosol, constituted the main antioxidant components of the UK-plants, with the two acids being present at a ratio of 3:

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An FTIR solid‐state analysis of the diffusion of hindered phenols in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE): The effect of molecular size on the diffusion coefficient

Abstract: SYNOPSISLow-density polyethylene (

Cited by 48 publications

References 17 publications

New bleeding model of additives in a polypropylene film under atmospheric pressure

New bleeding model of additives in a polypropylene film under atmospheric pressure

Study of the effects influencing additive migration in polymers

New genre of antioxidants from renewable natural resources: Synthesis and characterisation of rosemary plant-derived antioxidants and their performance in polyolefins

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