An Extensive Review and Comparison of Modern Biomass Torrefaction Reactors vs. Biomass Pyrolysis—Part 1

Piersa, Piotr; Ünyay, Hilal; Szufa, Szymon; Lewandowska, Wiktoria; Modrzewski, R.; Ślężak, Radosław; Ledakowicz, S.

doi:10.3390/en15062227

Cited by 35 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Therefore, equipping boilers with the proposed catalytic systems will allow, to a greater extent, the use of biomass fuels produced from the hitherto undeveloped waste of the agro-food industry. Previously, researchers saw solutions to the problematic properties of biomass only in the process of pyrolysis or gasification [38]. However, these are energy-consuming and quite complicated processes, which bring tangible benefits only in the case of other materials, the properties of which do not allow for direct combustion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Use of Permanent Catalytic Systems on the Flue Gases Emission from Biomass Low-Power Boilers

et al. 2022

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The paper presents the research results on the use of permanent catalytic systems applied to the surface of a low-power boiler deflector. The tests were carried out on a standard 15 kW retort boiler. The boiler was powered by three types of biomass pellets (wood pellets, wheat straw pellets, and hemp expeller). In the research cycle, the influence of the catalysts on the emission of individual compounds, CO, NOX, particulate matter (PM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) and the influence on the temperature in the combustion chamber were examined. The tests used an exhaust gas analyzer, a dust meter, a two-channel aspirator, and a laboratory gas chromatograph stand with a flame ionization detector. Four catalysts (copper, manganese, titanium, and platinum) were prepared for the analysis. Each catalyst had three variants of the active substance concentration on the ceramic support surface: 17.5 g, 35 g, 52.5 g for CuO, TiO2, MnO2, and, respectively, 0.05 g, 0.1 g, and 0.15 g for platinum. Concerning the deflector surface, this concentration corresponded to 140, 280, and 420 g·m−2 for CuO, TiO2, and MnO2, and 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 g·m−2 for platinum catalysts. All the catalysts used contributed to an increase in the combustion temperature and a reduction in pollutant emissions. The results presented in the paper will allow the implementation of the developed solutions in the industry producing low-power boilers and in already-existing heating installations. The factor that motivates the introduction of changes may be continuously tightening European emission regulations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Use of Permanent Catalytic Systems on the Flue Gases Emission from Biomass Low-Power Boilers

et al. 2022

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“…The procedure followed was as per the ASTM D‐3173‐03 standard for moisture, the ASTM D‐3174 standard for ash, and the ASTM D‐3175 standard for volatile matter 36–38 . The fixed carbon content (FCC) of the biomass samples is determined by the difference as shown in Eqn (1): 39

% italicFCC goodbreak= 100 goodbreak- % italicMC goodbreak- % italicAC goodbreak- % italicVM

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proxy quality control of biomass particles using thermogravimetric analysis and Gaussian process regression models

Watts

Potter²,

Mohan³

et al. 2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The temperature experienced by reactants during preparation in a reactor is a key component in determining the yield and homogeneity of usable chemical products such as biomass particles. Thermocouples with sensors can be used to monitor spatial temperature gradients within reactors but these sensors are often too expensive and/or invasive. The present work proposes a strategy to identify optimal machine learning models to infer the maximum effective temperature experienced by particles during oxidative biomass torrefaction using key thermochemical combustion parameters. The maximum rate of weight loss, the corresponding temperature, and fixed carbon content on a dry‐ash‐free basis are used as literature‐based predictor variables obtained from thermogravimetric analysis. The evaluation of 24 machine‐learning models using the standard tenfold cross‐validation method suggests that the exponential Gaussian process regression (GPR) model is the most effective, followed by other GPR models. These high‐performing GPR models were also utilized to predict the effective preparation temperature distribution of reactor‐produced biomass particles under eight conditions of varying residence time and air‐to‐biomass ratio. The effective preparation temperature and residence time of individual biomass particles were then encoded into the torrefaction severity factor and used to estimate the energy yield of the reactor output as a novel quality control method.

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“…The determinant of this feature is the excess air coefficient (λ), which is defined as the ratio of the amount of air supplied in a given process to the mass of air resulting from the combustion stoichiometry. Depending on the excess air ratio, the process products are flue gas and ash (combustion), generator gas and char/ash (gasification) and pyrolysis gas and char (pyrolysis) [44,45]. Each of these methods has its advantages as well as limitations.…”

Section: Thermal Treatment Of Tannery Shavingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Circular Economy in the Management of Waste from Leather Processing

et al. 2023

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The tanning industry generates significant amounts of solid waste and post-production wastewater, which should be managed in accordance with the principles of the circular economy. Waste is generated at various technological stages of production. This comprises mainly solid waste and leachate. A comprehensive solution to the problem of disposal of this waste is very important from economic and environmental points of view. This work presents research for a technological production line designed for the comprehensive processing of post-production residues. In the present paper, the authors present an analysis related to the possibility of processing leather flesh side (mizdra) as a substrate for methane fermentation. The study showed an increased biogas production from solid waste after enzymatic hydrolysis up to 248 Nm3/Mg. Preliminary research on the system designed for pre-treatment of sewage from the technological line is also presented. The study showed a COD reduction of more than 30%. The possibility of energy management of the solid fraction directly from the processes carried out is demonstrated.

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An Extensive Review and Comparison of Modern Biomass Torrefaction Reactors vs. Biomass Pyrolysis—Part 1

Cited by 35 publications

References 68 publications

Influence of the Use of Permanent Catalytic Systems on the Flue Gases Emission from Biomass Low-Power Boilers

Influence of the Use of Permanent Catalytic Systems on the Flue Gases Emission from Biomass Low-Power Boilers

Proxy quality control of biomass particles using thermogravimetric analysis and Gaussian process regression models

The Circular Economy in the Management of Waste from Leather Processing

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