An Extension of Cityjson to Support Point Clouds

Twinning elements of reality gains a growing interest in support of decision‐making, learning, and simulations: a single and shared model should provide a unique integrative basis for managing assets of any replica of the real world. From a technical viewpoint, sharing and opening information requires both an exchange format and a high degree of freedom and flexibility. It should allow an important number of users to manage this information, to modify it, etc. Storing and manipulating spatial information concerning the urban built context currently focuses on ensuring consistency thanks to relational databases and predefined schemas. Following a paradigm shift from a relational database to a NoSQL database, a schema validation middleware is proposed to improve the flexibility of storage by conceding a share of its consistency. The flexibility improvements thus provide users a common basis that is able to evolve all along the lifecycle of their models and applications as required for twinning things. It allows users and their applications to take advantage of new storage features such as common: versioning, partitioning, prioritization, applications profiles, etc. The middleware and their new capabilities are illustrated thanks to the CityJSON encoding and its simplified schema for a document‐oriented database.

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

From consistency to flexibility: Handling spatial information schema thanks to a middleware in a 3D city modeling context

Nys

Billen

2022

“…Besides, the new support of 3D models in QGIS should improve its usability thanks to the development of a CityJSON plugin (Vitalis, Arroyo Ohori, & Stoter, 2020). Extensions of the core module are also a promising way to improve the CityJSON usability and its update to the 3.0 CityGML version (Nys, Kharroubi, Poux, & Billen, 2021). In summary, nowadays, the storage of CityJSON models is limited to files.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

From consistency to flexibility: A simplified database schema for the management of CityJSON 3D city models

Nys

Billen

2021

The use of 3D city models is now common practice; many large cities have their own digital model. Resilient and sustainable management of these models is necessary in many cases, where an application could evolve over its life cycle. The complexity of generic modelling standardization is often a limitation for a light and user-friendly usage and further developments. This paper aims to propose an alternative providing a simplified database schema implemented in a document-oriented storage. Thanks to the use of the NoSQL store, the focus is on flexibility of the data schemas and thus its clarification. In order to aim attention at the compactness in web development, CityJSON has been chosen for the encoding of the 3D city models. Finally, a full-stack application (persistent storage, consistent edition and visualization of 3D city models) has been developed to handle the simplified schema and illustrates its capabilities in two practical use cases.

“…For example, the CityGML Noise Application Domain Extension (ADE) that is developed to bring analysis capabilities regarding the noise into the CityGML data model is converted to the CityJSON extension. In addition, a CityJSON extension that enhances the core model of CityJSON such that it supports the point cloud data is proposed (Nys et al., 2021). This extension aims to improve the conformality of CityJSON with CityGML 3.0 which contains the point cloud module.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of 3D spatial planning through the integration of the standards

Guler

2023

To plan future land use, zoning plans (i.e., spatial plans) are prepared to get the most out of land for both the public and the government. These plans manifest which facilities can be built and where they can be built on land based on defined requirements such as building height and road length. The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) is well‐known and widely used standard for describing Rights, Restrictions, and Responsibilities (RRRs) with respect to land and buildings. The next version of the standard will contain the Spatial Plan Information (SPI) part to enable better land‐use planning. Three‐dimensional (3D) land‐use planning has gained attention to delineate detailed requirements inclusively and allow different spatial analysis that provides a basis for decisions in the planning. Data standards pertaining to 3D geoinformation are vital to put into practice 3D spatial planning. To this extent, CityJSON is proposed for the effortless and efficient use of 3D city models. This article thus first aims to extend the CityJSON schema based on the proposed SPI part of the LADM such that it allows modeling, storing, visualizing, and utilizing the features and attributes required for the implementation of 3D spatial planning. Then, the usability of the proposed extension schema is demonstrated by the real‐world use cases that benefit from the exemplary CityJSON files that are created based on approved zoning plans in the country. The results of this study show that there is an important opportunity coming from the integration of international standards that enables semantic information along with their spatial counterparts within 3D spatial planning.