An Extended Kalman Filter for Fetal Heart Location Estimation During Doppler-Based Heart Rate Monitoring

Hamelmann, Paul; Vullings, Rik; Mischi, Massimo; Kolen, Alexander F.; Schmitt, L.; Bergmans, J.W.M.

doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2876779

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this research, the apodization is updated according to the Doppler power measured in the time window w. Consequently, the latest apodization function is always influenced by the location of the heart during that time window. If the movement direction of the fetal heart can be measured, it may be possible to predict the location of the heart during the next transmit-receive cycle, e.g., using a Kalman filtering approach [ 37 ], and one may consider this prediction when updating the apodization function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring Implemented by Dynamic Adaptation of Transmission Power of a Flexible Ultrasound Transducer Array

Hamelmann

Mischi

Kolen

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Fetal heart rate (fHR) monitoring using Doppler Ultrasound (US) is a standard method to assess fetal health before and during labor. Typically, an US transducer is positioned on the maternal abdomen and directed towards the fetal heart. Due to fetal movement or displacement of the transducer, the relative fetal heart location (fHL) with respect to the US transducer can change, leading to frequent periods of signal loss. Consequently, frequent repositioning of the US transducer is required, which is a cumbersome task affecting clinical workflow. In this research, a new flexible US transducer array is proposed which allows for measuring the fHR independently of the fHL. In addition, a method for dynamic adaptation of the transmission power of this array is introduced with the aim of reducing the total acoustic dose transmitted to the fetus and the associated power consumption, which is an important requirement for application in an ambulatory setting. The method is evaluated using an in-vitro setup of a beating chicken heart. We demonstrate that the signal quality of the Doppler signal acquired with the proposed method is comparable to that of a standard, clinical US transducer. At the same time, our transducer array is able to measure the fHR for varying fHL while only using 50% of the total transmission power of standard, clinical US transducers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring Implemented by Dynamic Adaptation of Transmission Power of a Flexible Ultrasound Transducer Array

Hamelmann

Mischi

Kolen

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…However, these variations do have an effect on the received signal strength in preterm fetuses. Furthermore, these local variations affect the performance of methods addressed to estimate the fetal heart location (fHL) [61], [62]. Usage of a multiple-array transducer has been described to allow insonification of different sites of the uterus, with the aim of measuring FM along with the estimation of the fHR [64], [75].…”

Section: Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be a tedious task and requires experienced clinicians. To support clinicians in positioning the US transducer, methods have been developed to estimate the fetal location [61], [62], [77]. These methods exploit a multi-element array and measure the Doppler power in each individual transducer element, which is then put into a probabilistic framework for fHL estimation.…”

Section: Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In that way, a visual feedback can be provided to the clinician to position the US directly above the fetal heart. This improves signal quality, reduces the probability that the fetal heart moves out of the FOV during continuous monitoring, and improves the clinical workflow when the fHR signal is lost [61], [62]. For fHR monitoring independent of the transducer positioning, the FOV may be increased to cover all potential fHLs by integrating multiple elements into a single flexible transducer array [78], [80].…”

Section: Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Doppler Ultrasound Technology for Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: A Review

Hamelmann

Vullings

Kolen

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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“…Identification of the heartbeat occurrence, based on a simple peak detection in looking for characteristic component, is very inaccurate due to its variable shape [ 23 , 34 ]. In addition, any interfering impulses of sufficiently high amplitude can be identified as successive beats [ 23 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. All of these makes practically impossible to indicate points equivalent to the R-waves in FECG [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Method for Beat-to-Beat Fetal Heart Rate Measurement Using Doppler Ultrasound Signal

Kupka

Matonia

Jeżewski

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The most commonly used method of fetal monitoring is based on heart activity analysis. Computer-aided fetal monitoring system enables extraction of clinically important information hidden for visual interpretation—the instantaneous fetal heart rate (FHR) variability. Today’s fetal monitors are based on monitoring of mechanical activity of the fetal heart by means of Doppler ultrasound technique. The FHR is determined using autocorrelation methods, and thus it has a form of evenly spaced—every 250 ms—instantaneous measurements, where some of which are incorrect or duplicate. The parameters describing a beat-to-beat FHR variability calculated from such a signal show significant errors. The aim of our research was to develop new analysis methods that will both improve an accuracy of the FHR determination and provide FHR representation as time series of events. The study was carried out on simultaneously recorded (during labor) Doppler ultrasound signal and the reference direct fetal electrocardiogram Two subranges of Doppler bandwidths were separated to describe heart wall movements and valve motions. After reduction of signal complexity by determining the Doppler ultrasound envelope, the signal was analyzed to determine the FHR. The autocorrelation method supported by a trapezoidal prediction function was used. In the final stage, two different methods were developed to provide signal representation as time series of events: the first using correction of duplicate measurements and the second based on segmentation of instantaneous periodicity measurements. Thus, it ensured the mean heart interval measurement error of only 1.35 ms. In a case of beat-to-beat variability assessment the errors ranged from −1.9% to −10.1%. Comparing the obtained values to other published results clearly confirms that the new methods provides a higher accuracy of an interval measurement and a better reliability of the FHR variability estimation.

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An Extended Kalman Filter for Fetal Heart Location Estimation During Doppler-Based Heart Rate Monitoring

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring Implemented by Dynamic Adaptation of Transmission Power of a Flexible Ultrasound Transducer Array

Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring Implemented by Dynamic Adaptation of Transmission Power of a Flexible Ultrasound Transducer Array

Doppler Ultrasound Technology for Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: A Review

New Method for Beat-to-Beat Fetal Heart Rate Measurement Using Doppler Ultrasound Signal

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