An extended chemical analysis of gallstone

Abstract

Chemical composition of gall stones is essential for aetiopathogensis of gallstone disease. We have reported quantitative chemical analysis of total cholesterol bilirubin, calcium, iron and inorganic phosphate in 120 gallstones from haryana. To extend this chemical analysis of gall stones by studying more cases and by analyzing more chemical constituents. A quantitative chemical analysis of total cholesterol, total bilirubin, fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, bile acids, soluble proteins, sodium potassium, magnesium, copper, oxalate and chlorides of biliary calculi (52 cholesterol, 76 mixed and 72 pigment) retrieved from surgical operation of 200 patients from Haryana state was carried out. Total cholesterol as the major component and total bilirubin, phospholipids, triglycerides, bile acids, fatty acids (esterified), soluble protein, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, sodium, potassium, inorganic phosphate, oxalate and chloride as minor components were found in all types of calculi. The cholesterol stones had higher content of total cholesterol, phospholipids, fatty acids (esterified), inorganic phosphate and copper compared to mixed and pigment stones. The mixed stones had higher content of iron and triglycerides than to cholesterol and pigment stones. The pigment stones were richer in total bilirubin, bile acids, calcium, oxalate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and soluble protein compared to cholesterol and mixed stones. Although total cholesterol was a major component of cholesterol, mixed and pigment gall stone in Haryana, the content of most of the other lipids, cations and anions was different in different gall stones indicating their different mechanism of formation.

A study of gall stone disease from a tertiary care center of Madhya Pradesh, India

“…Estrogens increase cholesterol secretion and diminish bile salt secretion, while progestins act by reducing bile salt secretion and impairing gallbladder emptying leading to stasis. 13 In this study, as per gross morphology, majority of cases (44) had pigmented stones. On the other hand, as per biochemical analysis, majority of cases (33) had mixed type of stones.…”

“…While a study done in Haryana by Chandran et al showed 26%, 38% and 36%, respectively. 13 Mixed and pigment stones are common in northern India. 2 We observed that most (43, 71.7%) patients presented with the complaints of pain in the region of hypochondrial region followed by nausea in 46.6%.…”

Determination of Chemical Composition of Gallbladder Stones and their Association with Induction of Cholangiocarcinoma

“…The results of this study were agreed with pervious report that mentioned the major of chemical constituent stones is calcium compounds. Chemical composition of gallstones is essential for aetiopathogensis of gallstone disease (Chandran et al, 2007). Mixed stones composed from including calcium, uric acid, magnesium, phosphate and oxalate, this result constant with pervious finding that also mentioned the pure uric acid stones are relatively rare (Morton et al, 2002).…”

“…A quantitative chemical analysis of total cholesterol, total bilirubin, fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, bile acids, soluble proteins, calcium, sodium potassium, magnesium, copper, oxalate and chlorides as minor components were found in all types of calculi (Chandran et al, 2007). Studies on gallstone composition carried out in different parts of the world indicate a close link…”

“…Saad Muhmood Hussain 1 *, Karim Alwan Al-Jashamy 2 with dietary habits and ethnicity (Pundir et al, 2001;Verma et al, 2002;Chandran et al, 2007). Other studies have shown that dietary intake of total calories in the form of carbohydrates and fats were associated with high triglyceride levels in gallstone patients (Lee et al, 2012).…”