An experimental study on flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics during cryogenic chilldown in a vertical pipe

An experimental study on terrestrial cryogenic transfer line chilldown I. Effect of mass flux, equilibrium quality, and inlet subcooling

“…Wall temperature histories and the pressure drop along the pipe were recorded and associated with the visualized images. LN 2 chilldown experiments of a short stainless steel tube have been carried out at low mass flux both at constant mass flux [36] and in a pulsed on/off flow [37]. LH 2 chilldown experiments which include visualization of the flow patterns are reported in Rame et al [38] and Hartwig et al [1].…”

Boiling and quenching heat transfer advancement by nanoscale surface modification

“…Another uncertainty source for temperature measurements comes from the DAQ whose uncertainty was ±0.1% full scale. In the current experiment, the inverse heat conduction methods 1 , 26 , 27 , 36 , 37 were used to obtain the surface heat fluxes from the measured temperatures. The uncertainty of the heat flux is calculated through a square root summation of partial derivatives.…”

Transient cryogenic chill down process in horizontal and inclined pipes

“…Kawaji et al [33] had also observed bubbly flow when the wall is cooled down to rewetting temperature. Hu et al [34] observed liquid filaments near Leidenfrost point followed by intermittent liquid-wall contact. The stability of the liquid vapor interface depend on relative velocity between the two phases, gravity effects, and fluid properties such as surface tension and density difference between liquid and vapor phases [35].…”