An experimental study on terrestrial cryogenic transfer line chilldown I. Effect of mass flux, equilibrium quality, and inlet subcooling

Darr, Samuel; Hu, Hong; Glikin, Neil; Hartwig, Jason; Majumdar, Alok; LeClair, A.; Chung, J. N.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.05.019

Cited by 75 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This experiment was designed in much the same way as the experiment from Darr et al 8 with small modifications to make the rig flight-ready. Figure 4 shows pictures of the flight hardware.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall uncertainty in h and q i ″ in the film boiling heat transfer regime varies between 11 and 12.5% for all the tests. Details of the inverse heat transfer solution, parasitic heat transfer models, and uncertainty analysis on all the variables are in Darr et al 8 Figures 2a and b show faster chilldown rates and higher HTC at higher Re in , echoing trends in 1-g. Figure 2c displays the pressure at the downstream TC station for each test. The fluctuations with time are due to large density variations from phase change producing varying flow resistance.…”

Section: Quality Of Reduced Gravity Experimental Runsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…GV2 was connected, through a 1.2 m long, 1.27 cm outside diameter (OD), 1.18 cm ID 304SS braided hose to the inner tube of a "subcooler". Further details of the subcooler are given in Darr et al 8 The purpose of the subcooler was to insulate the tubing upstream of the test section so that the fluid entering the test section was vapor free, subcooled liquid.…”

Section: Experiments System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 But only recently has there been a thorough experimental investigation of the entire chilldown process in 1-g that reports the measured heat transfer coefficients for all boiling regimes over a large range of conditions. 8,9 A similar experimental study covering a large range of conditions is needed for reduced gravity. Two-phase boiling data with water, refrigerants, and other noncryogenic liquids in reduced gravity have shown that the lack of gravity significantly alters the flow patterns and heat transfer from what is seen in 1-g. 10,11 The general observations from these experiments show that the absence of a buoyancy force in reduced gravity lowers the heat transfer because the only mechanism available to sweep vapor bubbles away from the surface is the drag and inertial forces from the bulk fluid motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat transfer data were obtained from flowing LN 2 through a short, stainless steel pipe equipped with all the data acquisition needed for developing heat transfer correlations. This experiment was an extension of 1-g experiments reported in Darr et al, which obtained data to support the development of heat transfer correlations for 1-g. 8,9 Therefore, the current work minimizes buoyancy forces from the chilldown process so that these correlations can be extended to reduced gravity conditions. The correlations developed from these data can be integrated into fluid network simulation software and used as a tool for designing in-space cryogenic propulsion systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of reduced gravity on cryogenic nitrogen boiling and pipe chilldown

et al. 2016

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Manned deep space exploration will require cryogenic in-space propulsion. Yet, accurate prediction of cryogenic pipe flow boiling heat transfer is lacking, due to the absence of a cohesive reduced gravity data set covering the expected flow and thermodynamic parameter ranges needed to validate cryogenic two-phase heat transfer models. This work provides a wide range of cryogenic chilldown data aboard an aircraft flying parabolic trajectories to simulate reduced gravity. Liquid nitrogen is used to quench a 1.27 cm diameter tube from room temperature. The pressure, temperature, flow rate, and inlet conditions are reported from 10 tests covering liquid Reynolds number from 2,000 to 80,000 and pressures from 80 to 810 kPa. Corresponding terrestrial gravity tests were performed in upward, downward, and horizontal flow configurations to identify gravity and flow direction effects on chilldown. Film boiling heat transfer was lessened by up to 25% in reduced gravity, resulting in longer time and more liquid to quench the pipe to liquid temperatures. Heat transfer was enhanced by increasing the flow rate, and differences between reduced and terrestrial gravity diminished at high flow rates. The new data set will enable the development of accurate and robust heat transfer models of cryogenic pipe chilldown in reduced gravity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quality Of Reduced Gravity Experimental Runsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Experiments System Designmentioning

confidence: 99%