An experimental study of high-hydrogen welding processes

Abstract

This paper presents investigation results of determination of the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal obtained by means of two most often used methods-the glycerin method and the mercury method. Relation has been defined between results of those methods in the area characteristic of low-hydrogen as well as high-hydrogen welding processes. Relations available in the literature do not include the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal greater than 35 ml/100 g. Extending the scope of analysis of the diffusible hydrogen quantity to an 80 ml/100 g level considerably simplifies carrying out the steel weldability assessment with the use of high-hydrogen processes and with welding in water environment. RESUMEN:Estudio experimental de procesos de soldadura con alto contenido en hidrógeno. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre la determinación del contenido de hidrógeno difusible en el material aportado mediante dos métodos: el de la glicerina (el más utilizado) y el del mercurio. El contenido de dicho hidrógeno se ha definido a partir de los resultados de esos métodos en una zona con bajo contenido en hidrógeno, así como procesos de soldadura con alto contenido en hidrógeno. No hay datos disponibles en la literatura para contenidos de hidrógeno difusible en metal depositado mayores de 35 ml/100 g. Ampliando el análisis de la cantidad de dicho hidrógeno hasta los 80 ml/100 g, se simplifica considerablemente la realización de ensayos de soldabilidad del acero en procesos de alto contenido en hidrógeno así como en la soldadura en medio acuoso.

Determination of moisture resistance of covered electrodes according to PN-EN ISO 14372

“…• perform surfacing and determine of diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal in accordance with PN-EN ISO 3690 Welding and related processes -Determination of hydrogen content in the weld metal [11,13]: • make samples for surfacing (consisting of 3 plates: run-on, test and run-off from solid carbon steel, up to 0.18% carbon and up to 0.02% sulfur); • mark test samples, degas, degrease the welded surface, weigh to the nearest 0.01 g;…”

“…Of the many methods for determination of diffusible hydrogen amount in the joint, the most commonly used methods are: mercury, glycerin and various variants of high temperature extraction [11,13,19]. The first of them, due to the lack of solubility of hydrogen in the research medium, is characterized by high accuracy and is a reference method for other research methods.…”

“…These sources are the potential hydrogen, which can hypothetically penetrate the joint and on which the amount of total hydrogen depends. Total hydrogen present in the joint can be divided into [11,13]:…”

Assessing the Susceptibility of Welded Joints to Cold Cracking in the CTS Test

“…after drying in a furnace (350°C/2 h) and after artificial hydrogenation. The amount of diffusive hydrogen was measured using the glycerine method [26,27]. Metallographic specimens were analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy.…”

The Effect of Wet Underwater Welding on Cold Cracking Susceptibility of Duplex Stainless Steel

“…The main factors influencing the weldability of steel in underwater conditions include [1,[4][5][6][7]:…”