An experimental study of demands resulting from in-air impact of debris

Effect of nonstructural mass on debris impact demands: Experimental and simulation studies

“…Moreover, the results are compared with the dynamic response factor from ASCE 7-10 flood chapter commentary [21], as shown in Figs. [23][24][25]. The comparisons imply that the R d factor in ASCE 7-10 design provision (which is based on half-sine pulse force) is unconservative except for elastic impact cases with duration ratio larger than 0.75.…”

“…Prevailing design guidelines [21][22][23] use simple approaches for debris impact force but there is no consensus on the specification of the design force [24]. Two approaches are used to estimate the peak impact forces in U.S. design guidelines: impulse-momentum and contact stiffness.…”

Estimation of demands resulting from inelastic axial impact of steel debris

“…The impulsemomentum approach equates the momentum of the debris with http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014. 10.021 0141-0296/Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. the force impulse and the contact stiffness approach is based on a single-degree-of-freedom spring-mass system where the stiffness of the interaction between the debris and the structure is required [11].…”

“…Current design guidelines [7][8][9] use simple approaches to estimate water-borne debris impact forces, but there is no consensus on the specification of the design force [10]. Two approaches are used to estimate the peak impact forces in U.S. design guidelines: impulse-momentum and contact stiffness.…”

Study of demands resulting from transverse impact of high mass, low velocity debris

“…Current design guidelines (ASCE/SEI 7-10, 2010; FEMA, 2011, 2012) use simple approaches to estimate water-borne debris impact forces, but there is no consensus on the specification of the design force (Piran Aghl et al, 2013). Two approaches are used to estimate the peak impact forces in the US design guidelines: impulse-momentum and contact stiffness.…”