An experimental review on the mechanical properties and hygrothermal behaviour of fibre metal laminates

Muthukumar, Chandrasekar; Ishak,; Jawaid, Mohammad; Leman, Zulkiflle

doi:10.1177/0731684416668260

Cited by 56 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The resulting properties of the hybrid material need to be predictable when used in structural applications. In addition to its constituents, their composition and bonding as well as their manufacturing history and the resulting residual stresses play an important role [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Residual thermal stresses occur as a consequence of the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the two constituents and the difference between cure temperature of the matrix and operational temperature of the cured laminate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of residual stress development in FRP-metal hybrids using fiber Bragg grating sensors

Prussak

Stefaniak

Hühne

et al. 2018

Prod. Eng. Res. Devel.

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This paper presents experimental measurement methods for the determination and evaluation of process related thermal residual stresses in fiber metal laminates. A cure monitoring system with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors is used to measure the in-plane strains during processing of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)-steel laminates. The simultaneous measurement captures the thermal expansion during the heating stages, the cure shrinkage, and the cooling thermal shrinkage. The results enable the characterization of the co-cure bonding process and the stress transfer between the metal and FRP-layers during the creation process. The residual strains, which are used for calculation of the residual stresses, are recorded at room temperature after manufacturing. In addition, an advanced method using FBG-sensors and the deflection of asymmetric hybrid specimens was developed to validate the gained residual stress data. Asymmetrical specimens are created by removing selected layers after cure. Quantitative evaluation is achieved by determination of their curvature and measuring the strain changes with the embedded FBG-sensors. For validation, the methods were successfully demonstrated on two different curing cycles with different resulting residual stress levels. The simultaneous strain measurement enables the investigation of stress development and delivers more in-depth process knowledge for further optimization of the manufacturing process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of residual stress development in FRP-metal hybrids using fiber Bragg grating sensors

Prussak

Stefaniak

Hühne

et al. 2018

Prod. Eng. Res. Devel.

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“…Large ILSS degradations of between 17% and 32% occurred for GLARE in comparison to the non-aged counterparts. Chandrasekar et al [ 27 ] presented an experimental review on the mechanical properties and hydrothermal behavior of fiber metal laminates. Botelho et al [ 28 ] also researched the hydrothermal effects on viscoelastic properties, such as the storage modulus ( E ′) and loss modulus ( E ″), for glass fiber/epoxy/aluminum laminate (GLARE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interlaminar Shear Strength and Failure Analysis of Aluminium-Carbon Laminates with a Glass Fiber Interlayer after Moisture Absorption

et al. 2020

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This article presents selected aspects of an interlaminar shear strength and failure analysis of hybrid fiber metal laminates (FMLs) consisting of alternating layers of a 2024-T3 aluminium alloy and carbon fiber reinforced polymer. Particular attention is paid to the properties of the hybrid FMLs with an additional interlayer of glass composite at the metal-composite interface. The influence of hygrothermal conditioning, the interlaminar shear strength (short beam shear test), and the failure mode were investigated and discussed. It was found that fiber metal laminates can be classified as a material with significantly less adsorption than in the case of conventional composites. Introducing an additional layer of glass composite at the metal-composite interface and hygrothermal conditioning influence the decrease in the interlaminar shear strength. The major forms of damage to the laminates are delaminations in the layer of the carbon composite, at the metal-composite interface, and delaminations between the layers of glass and carbon composites.

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“…Fibre metal laminates (FML) are hybrid composite materials comprising alternating thin metal (eg, aluminium, titanium, magnesium alloys, and steels) sheets and fibre‐reinforced polymer (FRP) matrix composites such as aramid, carbon, and glass FRP. FML are widely used as fuselage skin materials for aircraft, and they typically exhibit better fatigue and creep resistance, specific strength, and stiffness than the conventional monolithic metals or FRP . High‐strength titanium (Ti) alloys exhibit high specific strength, and when combined with carbon FRP (CFRP), they were also a suitable choice in previous studies .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of carbon fibres on the static and fatigue mechanical properties of fibre metal laminates

Naito

Shirasu

Tanaka

2020

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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It is crucial to understand the characteristic fatigue crack initiation and its growth mechanisms, as well as the relationship between the mechanical properties and the fatigue damage evolution in fibre metal laminates (FMLs). Two types of FML were studied in this work: a polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibre epoxy matrix composite sandwiched by Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-alloy) sheets (IMS60-Ti) and a pitch-based carbon fibre epoxy matrix composite sandwiched by Ti-alloy sheets (K13D-Ti). The static and fatigue mechanical properties of IMS60-Ti and K13D-Ti were investigated. The increased failure strain of the FML was greater than that of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) matrix composites. The fatigue life of IMS60-Ti was much longer than that of K13D-Ti. The fatigue damage process in IMS60-Ti was related to the fatigue creep behaviour of the Ti-alloy face sheet and mode II cracking at the CFRP/Ti-alloy interface, and the damage in K13D-Ti was related to the K13D CFRP laminate. K E Y W O R D Scarbon/epoxy, damage, fatigue, fibre metal laminate, titanium alloy

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An experimental review on the mechanical properties and hygrothermal behaviour of fibre metal laminates

Cited by 56 publications

References 60 publications

Evaluation of residual stress development in FRP-metal hybrids using fiber Bragg grating sensors

Evaluation of residual stress development in FRP-metal hybrids using fiber Bragg grating sensors

Interlaminar Shear Strength and Failure Analysis of Aluminium-Carbon Laminates with a Glass Fiber Interlayer after Moisture Absorption

Effect of carbon fibres on the static and fatigue mechanical properties of fibre metal laminates

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