An experimental investigation of the process of isotope exchange that takes place when heavy water is exposed to the atmosphere

Deeney, F.A.; O'Leary, J P

doi:10.1088/0143-0807/30/4/019

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…The ILs 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium bis(triuoromethylsulfonyl The standards used in 1 H NMR were dihydrated sodium citrate and tetrahydrated sodium-potassium tartrate (Merck). The standard used in 19 F NMR was sodium triuoroacetate (Alfa Aesar). Their analytical grades were above 98%.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the internal NMR standards were dissolved in D 2 O. All deuterated solutions were stored under nitrogen, to avoid hydrogen exchange with the atmosphere 19. The[Li + ][Tf 2 N À ], [Me 3 BuN + ][Br À ] and [C 1 C 4 im + ][Cl À ] powders were dried before dilution in the aqueous phases, while [C 1 C 10 im + ][Cl À ], a very viscous liquid, was used as received, owing to the difficulty of the drying procedure in this case.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Experimental connections between aqueous–aqueous and aqueous–ionic liquid biphasic systems

2014

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Aqueous-ionic liquid (A-IL) biphasic systems containing deuterated water, deuterated nitric acid (10 À2 M to 7 M) and either [C 1 C 4 im + ][Tf 2 N À ], [C 1 C 10 im + ][Tf 2 N À ] or [Me 3 BuN + ][Tf 2 N À ] have been examined in terms of water and acid solubilities in the IL-rich phase and in terms of IL cation and anion solubilities in the waterrich phase. Other experiments focused on the IL cation and anion solubility in the water-rich phase upon addition of either [C 1 C 4 im + ][Cl À ] or [Li + ][Tf 2 N À ]. The results evidence a complex interplay between all negatively and positively charged ions of the samples that could be described following the usual approach used for aqueous-aqueous (A-A) biphasic systems. Other examples from the literature are discussed and demonstrate that the frontier between A-A and A-IL systems is questionable. Predictions are made for the extraction of metallic ions by use of biphasic systems in this work that are successfully compared to literature data.

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Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Experimental connections between aqueous–aqueous and aqueous–ionic liquid biphasic systems

2014

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“…All deuterated solutions were stored under nitrogen to avoid hydrogen exchange with the atmosphere. [39] All the other reagents used in this study (purchased from Merck) were of analytical grade and used without any further purification.…”

Section: Experimental Section Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating the Solubilities of Ionic Liquid Components in Aqueous–Ionic Liquid Biphasic Systems: A Q‐NMR Investigation

2015

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Aqueous-ionic liquid (A-IL) biphasic systems have been examined in terms of deuterated water, acid, and IL cation and anion mutual solubilities in the upper (water-rich, in mole fraction) and lower phase of aqueous/IL biphasic systems at ambient temperature. The biphasic mixtures were composed of deuterated acids of various concentrations (mainly DCl, DNO(3), and DClO(4) from 10(-2) to 10(-4) M) and five ionic liquids of the imidazolium family with a hydrophobic anion (CF(3)SO(2))(2) N(-), that is, [C1 Cn im][Tf(2)N], (n=2, 4, 6, 8 and 10). The analytical techniques applied were (1) H NMR, (19) F NMR, Karl-Fischer titration, pH potentiometry for IL cations and anions, and water and acid determination. The effects of the ionic strength (μ=0.1 M NaCl and NaNO(3) as well as μ=0.1 M, 0.2 M and 0.4 M NaClO(4), according to the investigated acid), the nature of the IL cation, and the nature of the mineral acid on the solubilities of the (D(2)O, D(+), Tf(2)N(-), C1 Cn im(+)) entities in the lower or upper phases were determined. The addition of sodium perchlorate was found to enhance the Tf(2)N(-) solubility while inhibiting the solubility of the ionic liquid cation. Differences in IL cation and anion solubilities of up to 42 mM were evidenced. The consequences for the characterization of the aqueous biphasic system, the solvent extraction process of the metal ions, and the ecological impact of the ILs are discussed.

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“…1‐methyl‐3‐octylimidazolium chloride had a purity >97 % (Aldrich) for the T1 measurements. All deuterated solutions were stored under nitrogen to avoid hydrogen exchange with the atmosphere 39. All the other reagents used in this study (purchased from Merck) were of analytical grade and used without any further purification.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐Phase Catalytic System of H₂O, Ionic Liquid, and VOPO₄–SiO₂ Solid Acid for Conversion of Fructose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural

et al. 2014

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Efficient transformation of biomass-derived feedstocks to chemicals and fuels remains a daunting challenge in utilizing biomass as alternatives to fossil resources. A three-phase catalytic system, consisting of an aqueous phase, a hydrophobic ionic-liquid phase, and a solid-acid catalyst phase of nanostructured vanadium phosphate and mesostructured cellular foam (VPO-MCF), is developed for efficient conversion of biomass-derived fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). HMF is a promising, versatile building block for production of value-added chemicals and transportation fuels. The essence of this three-phase system lies in enabling the isolation of the solid-acid catalyst from the aqueous phase and regulation of its local environment by using a hydrophobic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMIM][Tf2N]). This system significantly inhibits the side reactions of HMF with H2O and leads to 91 mol % selectivity to HMF at 89 % of fructose conversion. The unique three-phase catalytic system opens up an alternative avenue for making solid-acid catalyst systems with controlled and locally regulated microenvironment near catalytically active sites by using a hydrophobic ionic liquid.

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An experimental investigation of the process of isotope exchange that takes place when heavy water is exposed to the atmosphere

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Experimental connections between aqueous–aqueous and aqueous–ionic liquid biphasic systems

Experimental connections between aqueous–aqueous and aqueous–ionic liquid biphasic systems

Modulating the Solubilities of Ionic Liquid Components in Aqueous–Ionic Liquid Biphasic Systems: A Q‐NMR Investigation

Three‐Phase Catalytic System of H₂O, Ionic Liquid, and VOPO₄–SiO₂ Solid Acid for Conversion of Fructose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural

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An experimental investigation of the process of isotope exchange that takes place when heavy water is exposed to the atmosphere

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Experimental connections between aqueous–aqueous and aqueous–ionic liquid biphasic systems

Experimental connections between aqueous–aqueous and aqueous–ionic liquid biphasic systems

Modulating the Solubilities of Ionic Liquid Components in Aqueous–Ionic Liquid Biphasic Systems: A Q‐NMR Investigation

Three‐Phase Catalytic System of H2O, Ionic Liquid, and VOPO4–SiO2 Solid Acid for Conversion of Fructose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural

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Three‐Phase Catalytic System of H₂O, Ionic Liquid, and VOPO₄–SiO₂ Solid Acid for Conversion of Fructose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural