An experimental and numerical approach to combine Ground Penetrating Radar and computational modeling for the identification of early cracking in cement concrete pavements

Rasol, Mezgeen; Pérez-Gracia, Vega; Solla, Mercedes; Pais, Jorge C.; Fernandes, Francisco Manuel Carvalho Pinto; Santos, Caio

doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2020.102293

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…All the GPR profiles were produced in two different acquisition modes: (i) with the Transverse Magnetic (TM) polarisation ( Figure 11 b-TM), and (ii) with the Transverse Electric (TE) polarisation ( Figure 11 b-TE). Even though the normal survey acquisition mode is the TM orientation, there are previous studies that have reported better horizontal resolution in the nearest subsurface with the TE orientation [ 67 , 68 ]. Therefore, both dipole orientations were herein tested.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings

Garrido

Solla

Lagüela

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The integrity, comfort, and energy demand of a building can be negatively affected by the presence of moisture in its walls. Therefore, it is essential to identify and characterise this building pathology with the most appropriate technologies to perform the required prevention and maintenance tasks. This paper proposes the joint application of InfraRed Thermography (IRT) and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) for the detection and classification of moisture in interior walls of a building according to its severity level. The IRT method is based on the study of the temperature distribution of the thermal images acquired without an application of artificial thermal excitation for the detection of superficial moisture (less than 15 mm deep in plaster with passive IRT). Additionally, in order to characterise the level of moisture severity, the Evaporative Thermal Index (ETI) was obtained for each of the moisture areas. As for GPR, with measuring capacity from 10 mm up to 30 cm depth with a 2300 MHz antenna, several algorithms were developed based on the amplitude and spectrum of the received signals for the detection and classification of moisture through the inner layers of the wall. In this work, the complementarity of both methods has proven to be an effective approach to investigate both superficial and internal moisture and their severity. Specifically, IRT allowed estimating superficial water movement, whereas GPR allowed detecting points of internal water accumulation. Thus, through the combination of both techniques, it was possible to provide an interpretation of the water displacement from the exterior surface to the interior surface of the wall, and to give a relative depth of water inside the wall. Therefore, it was concluded that more information and greater reliability can be gained by using complementary IRT-GPR, showing the benefits of combining both techniques in the building sector.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings

Garrido

Solla

Lagüela

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…On-site measurements compared with cores highlight that clear images of cracks in the B-scans correspond to large fissures (several centimeters wide), in many cases filled with foreign material [42,56]. Early fissures are not visible in GPR images because the anomaly is masked with the anomalies produced in the grains and heterogeneities of the layers [66].…”

Section: Damage Assessment: Detection Of Voids and Cracksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent applications were focused on the damage and water infiltration detection in order to analyze the bearing capacity of the pavements, highly affected by the water content underneath the asphalt [34,35]. They also include the detection of pavement layers [36][37][38], the analysis of material density [39], cracking analysis [40][41][42], water detection [43][44][45], and the analysis of drainage structures under pavements [46]. Other recent studies have analyzed the effect of moisture in GPR amplitudes and frequencies [47,48] or delamination [47,49].…”

Section: Overview On Gpr In Roads and Airportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GPR is also applied in the assessment of rigid pavements, with one of the main objectives being the identification of metal bars and layers thickness [54], and measuring the rebar cover depth [55]. The assessment to detect damage such as cracking and voids is another application in rigid pavements [41,42], [56]. These studies are mainly focused on the detection of damage areas, but in some cases the origin of the damage is also investigated, including the effect of roots in pavements [57] and the impact of weather and load conditions.…”

Section: Roadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results presented in [74] compare 1 GHz and 2 GHz center frequency antennas, concluding that, although data was similar in both cases, the higher penetration depth with the 1 GHz center frequency antenna makes it more appropriate for detecting zones affected by moisture. In addition, the existence of high water content in fractures [42] and debonding [47,48] between layers is a particular condition for the best detection of those damages. The representation of A-scan datasets in time-domain and in frequency-domain, obtained in wet and dry parts of the pavements, illustrates the great difference in amplitude due to the difference in dielectric permittivity contrast.…”

Section: Damage Assessment: Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of GPR Application on Transport Infrastructures: Troubleshooting and Best Practices

2021

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The non-destructive testing and diagnosis of transport infrastructures is essential because of the need to protect these facilities for mobility, and for economic and social development. The effective and timely assessment of structural health conditions becomes crucial in order to assure the safety of the transportation system and time saver protocols, as well as to reduce excessive repair and maintenance costs. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the most recommended non-destructive methods for routine subsurface inspections. This paper focuses on the on-site use of GPR applied to transport infrastructures, namely pavements, railways, retaining walls, bridges and tunnels. The methodologies, advantages and disadvantages, along with up-to-date research results on GPR in infrastructure inspection are presented herein. Hence, through the review of the published literature, the potential of using GPR is demonstrated, while the main limitations of the method are discussed and some practical recommendations are made.

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Ground Penetrating Radar System: Principles

Rasol

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Handbook of Cultural Heritage Analysis

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Ground penetrating radar is a geophysical survey method widely applied to the assessment and monitoring of cultural heritage buildings. It is commonly used as a method of structural evaluation because it is nondestructive and noninvasive. This chapter describes the historical development of the method and explores the fundamentals and theory of ground penetrating radar systems and the properties of electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, it discusses some of the main applications and explains the procedure for data processing. Finally, it presents several case studies in the cultural heritage of Portugal and Spain.

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An experimental and numerical approach to combine Ground Penetrating Radar and computational modeling for the identification of early cracking in cement concrete pavements

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings

IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings

A Review of GPR Application on Transport Infrastructures: Troubleshooting and Best Practices

Ground Penetrating Radar System: Principles

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