Ground Penetrating Radar System: Principles

Rasol, Mezgeen; Pérez-Gracia, Vega; Fernandes, Francisco Manuel Carvalho Pinto; Pais, Jorge C.; Santos-Assunçao, Sonia; Roberts, J. S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60016-7_25

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The GPR method identifies changes in the physical properties of soil using an electromagnetic pulse generated by a radar antenna ( [61][62][63][64] and references within). The electromagnetic wave emitted by the transmitting antenna propagates in the subsurface at a speed dictated by the dielectric characteristics of the materials.…”

Section: Gpr Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical Surveys for Geotechnical Model Reconstruction and Slope Stability Modelling

et al. 2023

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Performing a reliable stability analysis of a landslide slope requires a good understanding of the internal geometries and an accurate characterisation of the geotechnical parameters of the identified strata. Geotechnical models are commonly based on geomorphological data combined with direct and intrusive geotechnical investigations. However, the existence of numerous empirical correlations between seismic parameters (e.g., S-wave velocity) and geotechnical parameters in the literature has made it possible to investigate areas that are difficult to reach with direct instrumentation. These correlations are often overlooked even though they enable a reduction in investigation costs and time. By means of geophysical tests, it is in fact possible to estimate the N-SPT value and derive the friction angle from results obtained from environmental seismic noise measurements. Despite the empirical character and a certain level of uncertainty derived from the estimation of geotechnical parameters, these are particularly useful in the preliminary stages of an emergency, when straight data are not available and on all those soils where other direct in situ tests are not reliable. These correlations were successfully applied to the Theilly landslide (Western Alps, Italy), where the geotechnical model was obtained by integrating the results of a multi-parameter geophysical survey (H/V seismic noise and ground-penetrating radar) with stratigraphic and geomorphological observations, digital terrain model and field survey data. The analysis of the triggering conditions of the landslide was conducted by means of hydrological–geotechnical modelling, evaluating the behaviour of the slope under different rainfall scenarios and considering (or not) the stabilisation interventions present on the slope. The results of the filtration analyses for all events showed a top-down saturation mechanism, which led to the formation of a saturated face with a maximum thickness of 5 m. Stability analyses conducted for the same events showed the development of a shallow landslide in the first few metres of saturated soil. The modelling results are compatible with the actual evolution of the phenomenon and allow us to understand the triggering mechanism, providing models to support future interventions.

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Section: Gpr Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical Surveys for Geotechnical Model Reconstruction and Slope Stability Modelling

et al. 2023

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“…The GPR was designed with a flexible antenna that could be lifted up and down until the bottom of the antenna enclosure made contact with the ground surface. The flexibility of GPR, with antennas capable of a range of investigation depths, deployment modes, and resolutions, makes it a valuable tool to use in the analysis of complex structures [9]. When the antenna is close to the ground, it is called "ground coupled," and when the antenna is elevated off the ground, it is called "air coupled" [10].…”

Section: Gpr In Underground Utility Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing of 500 MHz Ground Penetrating Radar Antenna Coupling at Different Interval Heights Clearance

Junoh,

Sulaiman,

Razali

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Understanding the characteristics of the GPR antenna for underground utility detection purposes is critical to ensuring that buried pipes and cables can be accurately located. Considering the ground coupling antenna is the most effective way to carry out the GPR scan, most of the operators applied this setup to ensure the maximum amount of the electromagnetic wave could be penetrated into the ground. However, the contact between the GPR and the ground surface causes the bottom of the antenna enclosure to become scratched and worn out. Due to the cost and time involved in transportation to replace the antenna protector, a few GPR operators changed the protector to the cheapest one, which affects the characteristics of the antenna and could alter the depth of the underground utilities. A 500 MHz GPR antenna are tested to identify the optimum antenna coupling based on the accuracy assessment at various interval clearance heights in order to reduce damage and preserve the antenna. An experiment was carried out at Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM) Kuala Lumpur’s Underground Utility Test Base. Based on the result of the signal strength, the higher the antenna is lifted, the higher the rate of the signal becomes weak or lost. For the depth accuracy test, the high differences in depth when the antenna is lifted up at 4cm to 6cm based on the result of comparison with the standard values provided by the JUPEM. On the other hand, the accuracy of each antenna height is compared and validated based on the Residual Mean Square Error (RMSE). Overall, this study could lead to the conclusion that the result of the assessment is within the acceptable RMSE tolerance, which is below 0.1m. The objective of the research is successfully achieved when the antenna at a 3cm to 6cm interval height setup provides the best clearance based on the criteria of signal strength, depth comparison, and accuracy assessment. Finally, the issue of contact between the antenna and the ground surface, which causes the antenna to become scratched and worn out, could be reduced and preserved as a result of the findings.

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“…Ground penetrating radar (GPR ) Detection, identification, and drawing of plans for the locations of the buried underground walls before excavation [19] Satellite imagery Conducting an archaeological survey of vast areas of land to identify potential locations for archaeological sites above the surface of the earth [20]…”

Section: Detection and Excavationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Modern Techniques in Preservation of Archaeological Sites

Chabuk,

Al-Amiri

2023

Architecture and Urban Planning

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Archaeological sites have always suffered from loss and degradation due to many human and natural hazards. In recent decades, interest in preserving archaeological sites has increased dramatically. Many modern techniques have emerged from the different disciplines that can be used in preservation works, and a large number of the techniques and their capability made it difficult for decision-makers and specialists to determine the appropriate technique that gives the best results in preserving the archaeological site. The research aims to identify the project needed to preserve the archaeological site and then choose the appropriate technique for it, based on the opinions of experts using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, which helps decision-makers and specialists to choose the most appropriate technology. The archaeological site of Babylon was chosen as a case study. As a result of applying the AHP method, the priority weights of preservation stages for the archaeological site of Babylon were determined as follows: (diagnosis and monitoring 30.8 %), (intervention 21.2 %), and (tourism and media 16.6 %), while the appropriate technique was determined as follows: (infrared thermography 29.4 %), (maintenance 49.3 %), and (augmented reality 38.7 %).

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Ground Penetrating Radar System: Principles

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

Geophysical Surveys for Geotechnical Model Reconstruction and Slope Stability Modelling

Geophysical Surveys for Geotechnical Model Reconstruction and Slope Stability Modelling

Utilizing of 500 MHz Ground Penetrating Radar Antenna Coupling at Different Interval Heights Clearance

The Role of Modern Techniques in Preservation of Archaeological Sites

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