An experimental and modelling study of dual fuel aqueous ammonia and diesel combustion in a single cylinder compression ignition engine

Frost, James; Tall, Abdoulaye; Sheriff, Abubakar Mahmud; Schönborn, Alessandro; Hellier, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.089

Cited by 56 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…PM increases slightly as the AEC increases. This has also been addressed by other researchers 37,48 . As discussed in the previous section, enhancing ALC decreases CD and the in‐cylinder temperature, which support the formation of PM.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This has also been addressed by other researchers. 37,48 As discussed in the previous section, enhancing ALC decreases CD and the in-cylinder temperature, which support the formation of PM. However, PM was lower in dual-fuel mode at full load compared with pure biodiesel operation.…”

Section: Effects Of Ammonia On Emissionssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The BSFC of ammonia/ biodiesel is higher relative to biodiesel operation due to the lower LHV of the ammonia/biodiesel mixture, since

{italicLHV}_{{NH}_{3}}

is considerably lower compared with LHV bio (Equation ). However, the BSFC difference between ammonia‐/biodiesel‐fueled engine with only biodiesel at 20% of the load is approximately 10.0% due to the ineffective burning of the lean ammonia/air mixture at low loads 37 . Nevertheless, this difference will decrease with increasing load.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the BSFC difference between ammonia-/biodiesel-fueled engine with only biodiesel at 20% of the load is approximately 10.0% due to the ineffective burning of the lean ammonia/air mixture at low loads. 37 Nevertheless, this difference will decrease with increasing load. Hence, the BSFC of set 1, set 2, and biodiesel tests are 300.2, 313.5, and 326.8 g/kW.h, respectively.…”

Section: Effects Of Ammonia On Engine Performancementioning

confidence: 97%

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Effects of using ammonia as a primary fuel on engine performance and emissions in an ammonia/biodiesel dual‐fuel CI engine

Nadimi

Przybyła

Emberson

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Ammonia is a promising alternative fuel that can replace current fossil fuels. Hydrogen carrier, zero carbon base emissions, liquid unlike hydrogen, and can be produced using renewable resources, making ammonia a future green fuel for the internal combustion engine. This study aims to show the procedure of utilizing ammonia as a primary fuel with biodiesel in a dual-fuel mode. Hence, a single-cylinder diesel engine was retrofitted to inject ammonia into the intake manifold, and then a pilot dose of biodiesel is sprayed into the cylinder to initiate combustion of the premixed ammonia-air mixture. The effects of various ammonia mass flow rates with a constant biodiesel dose on engine performance and emissions were investigated. Furthermore, a one-dimensional model has been developed to analyze the combustion of ammonia and biodiesel. The results reveal that 69.4% of the biodiesel input energy can be replaced by ammonia but increasing the ammonia mass flow rate slightly decreases the brake thermal efficiency. Moreover, increasing the ammonia load contribution significantly reduced the emissions of CO 2 , CO, and HC but increased the

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Effects Of Ammonia On Emissionssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The BSFC of ammonia/ biodiesel is higher relative to biodiesel operation due to the lower LHV of the ammonia/biodiesel mixture, since

{italicLHV}_{{NH}_{3}}

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Ammonia On Engine Performancementioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of using ammonia as a primary fuel on engine performance and emissions in an ammonia/biodiesel dual‐fuel CI engine

Nadimi

Przybyła

Emberson

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…However, fuel that can be handled more easily than ammonia is preferred, and as a result of the ability to store liquids at room temperature and pressure, ammonia–water is considered to be handled more easily. Schonbörn et al and Frost et al proposed using ammonia–water as a marine fuel. , To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the shipping industry is also working to achieve zero carbon emissions, and research is being conducted to promote the transition of marine fuel from traditional heavy oil to liquid natural gas and to promote the use of carbon-free fuels, such as hydrogen and ammonia. As a fuel, ammonia is easier to handle when mixed with water because it decreases the vapor pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Water Vapor Dilution on the Laminar Burning Velocity and Markstein Length of Ammonia/Water Vapor/Air Premixed Laminar Flames

et al. 2022

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Since the Industrial Revolution, large amounts of ammonia have been synthesized by the Haber–Bosch process and used as fertilizer and chemical materials. Nitrogen fixation by industrial processes has contributed to the development of human society. However, a serious concern about the nitrogen cycle has been pointed out from the viewpoint of the planetary boundary. The planetary boundary quantifies the allowable limit to maintain a sustainable environment. This nitrogen cycle, which includes the limit of the biogeochemical flow boundary, was suggested to exceed the limits and to pose a serious environmental pollution issue. Therefore, a nitrogen cycle in which nitrogen compounds are collected from the environment and released into the atmosphere has recently been proposed. In this cycle, ammonia–water needs to be processed appropriately. In addition to the standpoint of the planetary boundary, ammonia–water is focused as a fuel that is able to be handled more safely. To design combustion systems that use ammonia–water, its fundamental combustion characteristics need to be elucidated. The objective of the present study is to clarify the effects of water vapor dilution on the laminar flame characteristics of ammonia/water vapor/air premixed flames. A propagating flame in a constant-volume chamber was observed to determine the laminar burning velocity and Markstein length for ammonia/water vapor/air premixed flames for various water vapor dilution ratios. The laminar burning velocity decreased and the Markstein length increased with an increasing water vapor dilution ratio. The effects of water vapor dilution on the laminar burning velocity for ammonia flames were also investigated by numerical calculations. The numerical results show that the decrease in the temperature is the dominant factor of the decrease in the laminar burning velocity with an increase in the water vapor dilution ratio. This study contributes to the understanding of the effects of water vapor dilution on the laminar flame characteristics of ammonia flames up to elevated pressure conditions.

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Green Ammonia: An Alternative Sustainable Energy Source for Clean Combustion

Dey,

Das,

Deb

et al. 2024

Energy, Environment, and Sustainability

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An experimental and modelling study of dual fuel aqueous ammonia and diesel combustion in a single cylinder compression ignition engine

Cited by 56 publications

References 36 publications

Effects of using ammonia as a primary fuel on engine performance and emissions in an ammonia/biodiesel dual‐fuel CI engine

Effects of using ammonia as a primary fuel on engine performance and emissions in an ammonia/biodiesel dual‐fuel CI engine

Effects of Water Vapor Dilution on the Laminar Burning Velocity and Markstein Length of Ammonia/Water Vapor/Air Premixed Laminar Flames

Green Ammonia: An Alternative Sustainable Energy Source for Clean Combustion

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