An experiment in heat conduction using hollow cylinders

Ortuño, Manuel; Márquez, Andrés; Neipp, Cristian

doi:10.1088/0143-0807/32/4/019

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…We fit the reverse saturation current versus temperature for the several different reverse bias voltages to equation (5), and this gives us the value of E g and I L for the different reverse bias voltages, which are given in table 3. The fit for the reverse bias of 30 V is shown in figure 7.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature controlled sample holders are an integral part of experiments in physics that involve the measurement of various physical quantities with temperature, like resistivity [1], specific heat [2], magnetization [3], thermal conductivity [4,5] and many others [6,7]. They can be used in heat capacity measurement by temperature relaxation method, heating and/or cooling ramp processes, etc [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arduino based temperature controlled sample holder using a power transistor and its application to measure the band gap of a silicon p–n diode

Mitra¹,

Mishra²,

Barua³

2021

Eur. J. Phys.

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This experiment is developed with the aim of designing a temperature-controlled sample holder by using a commonly available power transistor as the heating element. Most temperature-controlled sample holders use commonplace heaters, which are made of high resistance materials like nichrome 80/20 (80% nickel, 20% chromium) wire and similar materials. The fabrication of this temperature-controlled sample holder also leads to the usage of high power electronic components, like power transistors and power resistors which are, otherwise, neglected in most laboratory experiments. Moreover, to develop this system, Arduino Uno Rev3 and resistance temperature detector (RTD) were used for the purposes of data acquisition and temperature measurement, respectively. Arduino is a single board micro-controller and RTD functions as a temperature sensor. This experiment serves as a good example of application and unification of basic concepts of electronics, heat and thermodynamics and offers an insight into data acquisition. The experiment is non-proprietary, and the apparatus is entirely made from off-the-shelf items. Thus, reconstruction and use will be simple and inexpensive. The power transistor, along with the power resistors, generates enough heat to raise the temperature of the sample holder by about 100 K. Also, to exhibit the working of the sample-holder, the energy band gap of the material of a p–n junction diode (silicon) has been determined experimentally using the setup.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arduino based temperature controlled sample holder using a power transistor and its application to measure the band gap of a silicon p–n diode

Mitra¹,

Mishra²,

Barua³

2021

Eur. J. Phys.

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“…It can be considered as a good practical exercise on the role played by the thermal conductivity and the heat capacity of materials, realizing how the relaxation times vary as we use copper or stainless steel, for instance. In addition, ancillary experiments can be devoted to the practical finding of these magnitudes [30,31]. In section 3.3, we propose simple solutions for a suitable set-up.…”

Section: Heat Capacity Measurements: Ac Calorimetry Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration experiments for solid-state physics using a table-top mechanical Stirling refrigerator

Osorio¹,

Palacio-Morales²,

Rodrigo³

et al. 2012

Eur. J. Phys.

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Liquid free cryogenic devices are acquiring importance in basic science and engineering. But they can also lead to improvements in teaching low temperature an solid state physics to graduate students and specialists. Most of the devices are relatively expensive, but small sized equipment is slowly becoming available. Here, we have designed several simple experiments which can be performed using a small Stirling refrigerator. We discuss the measurement of the critical current and temperature of a bulk YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ (YBCO) sample, the observation of the levitation of a magnet over a YBCO disk when cooled below the critical temperature and the observation of a phase transition using ac calorimetry. The equipment can be easily handled by students, and also used to teach the principles of liquid free cooling.

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“…In order to create the linear regression model, eight calibration experiments were performed at constant flow rates (i.e., 20,27,34,41,48,55,62, and 69 L/min), whereafter the heat transfer coefficient was calculated at every time point for every experiment by rearranging Equation (9) as follows:…”

Section: Mechanistic Cooling and Freezing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where k ice is the thermal conductivity of ice at 0 • C (W/(m K)); T eq (K) is the equilibrium freezing temperature; and T v,i (i) refers to the temperature at the inner vial wall (K). Here, T v,i (i) must be calculated from T v,o (i), by using Fourier's law of heat conduction adapted to a hollow cylinder [27]:…”

Section: Mechanistic Cooling and Freezing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of a Mechanistic Cooling and Freezing Model of the Spin Freezing Step within the Framework of Continuous Freeze-Drying

et al. 2021

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During the spin freezing step of a recently developed continuous spin freeze-drying technology, glass vials are rapidly spun along their longitudinal axis. The aqueous drug formulation subsequently spreads over the inner vial wall, while a cold gas flow is used for cooling and freezing the product. In this work, a mechanistic model was developed describing the energy transfer during each phase of spin freezing in order to predict the vial and product temperature change over time. The uncertainty in the model input parameters was included via uncertainty analysis, while global sensitivity analysis was used to assign the uncertainty in the model output to the different sources of uncertainty in the model input. The model was verified, and the prediction interval corresponded to the vial temperature profiles obtained from experimental data, within the limits of the uncertainty interval. The uncertainty in the model prediction was mainly explained (>96% of uncertainty) by the uncertainty in the heat transfer coefficient, the gas temperature measurement, and the equilibrium temperature. The developed model was also applied in order to set and control a desired vial temperature profile during spin freezing. Applying this model in-line to a continuous freeze-drying process may alleviate some of the disadvantages related to batch freeze-drying, where control over the freezing step is generally poor.

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An experiment in heat conduction using hollow cylinders

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Arduino based temperature controlled sample holder using a power transistor and its application to measure the band gap of a silicon p–n diode

Arduino based temperature controlled sample holder using a power transistor and its application to measure the band gap of a silicon p–n diode

Demonstration experiments for solid-state physics using a table-top mechanical Stirling refrigerator

Development and Application of a Mechanistic Cooling and Freezing Model of the Spin Freezing Step within the Framework of Continuous Freeze-Drying

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