“…During the last 20 years examining methods in medical faculties, as in others, have been subjected to increasing scrutiny (Hubbard and Clemans, 1961). The traditional 'essay plus practical' examinations with or without viva voce interviews have become progressively more difficult to administer, and their validity and reliability have also come under suspicion as a result of numerous studies (Hartog and Rhodes, 1935;Cowles and Hubbard, 1952;Illingworth, 1963). Correlation of marks given for the same set of essays by different examiners has been poor (Lennox, Anderson, and Moorhouse, 1957) even to the extent that a model essay answer, prepared by the senior examiner in a group and included incognito with the student essays, has received marks varying from fail to high distinction grade from other examiners (Bull, 1956).…”