“…Although indirect duodenoscopy was described by Hirschowitz, Balint, and Fulton (1962) and Burnett (1962) soon after the introduction of fibreoptics into gastrointestinal endoscopy (Hirschowitz, Curtiss, Peters, and Pollard (1958), and gastro-cameras designed for use within the duodenum were used (Matsunaga, 1962;Ishihara, 1962), it was not until later that direct vision fibreoptic duodenoscopes were developed (Takagi, 1969;Shindo, 1969). At the present time duodenoscopy comprises two distinct procedures: (1) examination of the duodenal bulb (bulboscopy); (2) distal duodenoscopy in which the papilla of Vater, the peri-ampullary region, and the duodenal loop can be examined.…”