An Evaluation of the Effects of Human Factors on Potential Ship Accidents Under Pilotage

Abstract

In recent years, despite the technological advances, and increasing security measures in the maritime industry, it is observed that the effect of the human factor in the marine accidents has not changed. Most of the accidents occur in narrow canals, straits, rivers and entering port areas, resulting in environmental pollution, economical casualties and injury/loss of life. Pilotage is set compulsory in order to maintain safe passage at such confined waters. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of critical human factors on the potential ship accidents under pilotage operations. To explore the identified human factors, depth interviews and a questionnaire study were conducted with masters and pilots. The obtained data was analysed using DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method to identify the most important and influential factors. The DEMATEL method is used to investigate interaction among human factors and to visualize them with help of causal-effect relation diagram. The results show that master experience, pilot experience and crew training are significant factors compared to other human risk factors. As a result of the findings of this research, it is also thought that improving the collaboration and communication between the master and the pilot will be effective in preventing the accidents.Moreover, understanding casual relations among human factors is important to prevent marine accidents. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was performed for testing reliability of the experts' evaluation and being clear certainty of the main results/findings in the DEMATEL method. It is found that expert considerations to the casual relationship between human factors are objective and sufficient. The findings of this article provide a critical overview of the research literature on the development of preventive measures for policy makers, shipping companies and port authorities.

Regulação Do Serviço De Praticagem No Brasil

“…Seu conhecimento e experiência são essenciais à redução de riscos no trânsito do navio por passagens perigosas. Os primórdios da atividade podem ser traçados desde a Grécia e a Roma Antiga, ou antes disso, no contexto das travessias costeiras realizadas pelos navegadores fenícios há mais de 4000 anos, na porção oriental do Mar Mediterrâneo (CUNLIFFE, 2001;DEMIRCI;CANIMOĞLU;ELÇIÇEK, 2022).…”

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“…Numerous studies have identified human error as the most important factor influencing accident occurrence (Roberts et al, 2010;Awal and Hasegawa, 2017;Kim and Na, 2017;Fan et al, 2020;Hasanspahić et al, 2021;Demirci et al, 2022). However, looking at these studies in general, environmental factors influence accident occurrence in almost all of them (Kim and Kang, 2011;Pleskacz, 2015).…”