An evaluation of the California Civil Addict Program.

McGlothlin, William H.; Anglin, M. Douglas; Wilson, Bayard

doi:10.1037/e473232004-001

Cited by 78 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…It was designed to collect retrospective longitudinal quantitative data on drug use and related behaviors. The instrument consists of “static” and “dynamic” forms that permit the capture of longitudinal, sequential data on drug use, employment, criminal involvement, treatment, and other behaviors over the life course of research participants (McGlothlin, Anglin, & Wilson, 1977). Using an illustrated time-line, the interviewee notes major life events and then identifies time periods associated with specific behaviors, with periods delineated by changes in behavior.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polydrug use and its association with drug treatment outcomes among primary heroin, methamphetamine, and cocaine users

Wang

Min

Krebs

et al. 2017

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background Polydrug use may challenge effective treatment for substance use disorders. We evaluate whether secondary substance use modifies the association between treatment and primary drug use among primary heroin, cocaine and methamphetamine (MA) users. Methods Data were obtained from prospective cohort studies on people who use illicit drugs (PWUD) in California, USA. Using repeated monthly data on self-reported secondary substance use (heroin, cocaine, MA, alcohol or marijuana; ≥1 day in a month), primary drug use (≥1 day in a month), and treatment participation, collected via timeline follow-back, we fitted generalized linear mixed multiple regression models controlling for potential confounders to examine the interactions between treatment and secondary substance use on the odds of primary heroin, cocaine and MA use, respectively. Results Included in our study were 587 primary heroin, 444 primary MA, and 501 primary cocaine users, with a median of 32.4, 13.3 and 18.9 years of follow-up, respectively. In the absence of secondary substance use, treatment was strongly associated with decreased odds of primary drug use (adjusted odds ratios (aORs): 0.25, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.27, 0.07 (0.06, 0.08), and 0.07 (0.07, 0.09)) for primary heroin, MA, and cocaine users, respectively. Secondary substance use of any kind moderated these associations (0.82 (0.78, 0.87), 0.25 (0.21, 0.30) and 0.53 (0.45, 0.61), respectively), and these findings were consistent for each type of secondary substance considered. Moreover, we observed different associations in terms of direction and magnitude between secondary substance use and primary drug use during off-treatment periods across substance types. Conclusions This study demonstrates secondary substance use moderates the temporal associations between treatment and primary drug use among primary heroin, MA and cocaine users. Disparate patterns of polydrug use require careful measurement and analysis to inform targeted treatment for polydrug users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polydrug use and its association with drug treatment outcomes among primary heroin, methamphetamine, and cocaine users

Wang

Min

Krebs

et al. 2017

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…It also collected detailed life-course data on use of selected substances and treatment utilization beginning at age 14. The NHI has been used for over 30 years in substance abuse research (Hser, 2007; McGlothlin et al, 1977; Nurco et al, 1975). The interviewer works closely with the respondent, using corroborative information and memory aids (e.g., major life and historical events) to optimize recall.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to relapse following treatment for methamphetamine use: A long-term perspective on patterns and predictors

Brecht

Herbeck

2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

209

143

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Introduction This paper describes methamphetamine (MA) use patterns, specifically duration of continuing abstinence (“time to relapse”) for periods averaging 5 years post-discharge from treatment for MA use, and the relationship with selected user and treatment characteristics. Methods A sample of 350 treatment admissions from a large county substance use disorder (SUD) treatment system was randomly selected (within gender, race/ethnicity, treatment modality strata). Retrospective self-report data are from natural history interviews (NHI) conducted approximately 3 years after treatment and a follow-up 2-3 years later. Relapse is defined as any use of MA with time as the number of months of continuous MA abstinence after treatment discharge until relapse. This outcome was constructed from a monthly MA use timeline using NHI data. A Cox model was used to examine time to relapse and predictors. Results Sixty-one percent of the sample relapsed to MA use within 1 year after treatment discharge and 25% during years 2-5. Significant protective factors predicting longer time to relapse included having experienced serious MA-related psychiatric/behavioral problems (hazard ratio [HR]=0.75, p=0.027), longer duration of the index treatment episode (HR=0.93, p=0.001), and participating in self-help or other treatment during the post-treatment abstinence period(HR=0.29, p<0.001); risk factors for shorter time to relapse included having a parent with alcohol and/or drug use problems (HR =1.35, p=0.020) and involvement in MA sales (HR=1.48, p=0.002). Conclusions Results contribute a long-term perspective on patterns of MA use following treatment and support a need for early post-treatment and long-term continuing care and relapse- prevention services.

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“…The NHI was designed to collect retrospective longitudinal quantitative data on drug use and related behaviors. The instrument consists of “static” and “dynamic” forms that permit the capture of longitudinal, sequential data on drug use, employment, criminal involvement, treatment, and other behaviors over the life course of research participants (McGlothlin et al, 1977). Using an illustrated time-line, the interviewee notes major life events and then identifies time periods associated with specific behaviors, with periods delineated by changes in behavior.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing longitudinal health state transitions among heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine users

Nosyk

Evans

et al. 2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Aims Characterize longitudinal patterns of drug use careers and identify determinants of drug use frequency across cohorts of primary heroin, methamphetamine (MA) and cocaine users. Design Pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies. Settings Illicit drug users recruited from community, criminal justice and drug treatment settings in California, USA. Participants We used longitudinal data on from five observational cohort studies featuring primary users of heroin (N=629), cocaine (N=694) and methamphetamine (N=474). The mean duration of follow-up was 20.9 years. Measurements Monthly longitudinal data was arranged according to five health states (incarceration, drug treatment, abstinence, non-daily and daily use). We fitted proportional hazards (PH) frailty models to determine independent differences in successive episode durations. We then executed multi-state Markov (MSM) models to estimate probabilities of transitioning between health states, and the determinants of these transitions. Findings Across primary drug use types, PH frailty models demonstrated durations of daily use diminished in successive episodes over time. MSM models revealed primary stimulant users had more erratic longitudinal patterns of drug use, transitioning more rapidly between periods of treatment, abstinence, non-daily and daily use. MA users exhibited relatively longer durations of high-frequency use. Criminal engagement had a destabilizing effect on health state durations across drug types. Longer incarceration histories were associated with delayed transitions towards cessation. Conclusions PH frailty and MSM modeling techniques provided complementary information on longitudinal patterns of drug abuse. This information can inform clinical practice and policy, and otherwise be used in health economic simulation models, designed to inform resource allocation decisions.

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An evaluation of the California Civil Addict Program.

Cited by 78 publications

References 0 publications

Polydrug use and its association with drug treatment outcomes among primary heroin, methamphetamine, and cocaine users

Polydrug use and its association with drug treatment outcomes among primary heroin, methamphetamine, and cocaine users

Time to relapse following treatment for methamphetamine use: A long-term perspective on patterns and predictors

Characterizing longitudinal health state transitions among heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine users

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