“…This process was repeated, followed by sonication of the substrates first in distilled water and then ethanol. SAM surfaces were prepared by immersing the cleaned gold substrates in a 1 mM solution of CH3(CH2),SH (n = 10, 11,12,13,14,15,17) in ethanol for 72 h. The surfaces were then rinsed with pure ethanol and sonicated for 1 h, providing the Cl 1 to C18 surfaces, which were then mounted on the carousel holder in the UHV chamber, along with a cleaned bare gold substrate.…”