An Evaluation of Particle Size Distributions and Particle Number-Based Reductions from Various PM Emission Control Technologies

Joshi, Ajay; Chatterjee, Sougato; Walker, Andrew P.

doi:10.4271/2011-01-0600

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, because of incomplete combustion and poor mixture formation in the combustion chamber, GDI engines produce significant amounts of particulates during the cold-start phase and during transient operation. [3][4][5][6] Therefore, several parametric studies to reduce the particulate emissions from GDI engines have been conducted in conjunction with optimizing the engine control strategy, 7 mixture preparation with a high injection pressure, [8][9][10] modification of the combustion chamber 11 and implementation of particulate filters. 12,13 Epidemiological and medical findings indicate that adverse health effects are caused by aerosol particles in an ultrafine size range (diameter of less than 100 nm), which are associated with traffic and internal combustion engines as their main source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the mixture preparation on the nanoparticle characteristics of gasoline direct-injection vehicles

Choi

Kim

Myung

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Time-resolved nanoparticle number concentrations and size distribution characteristics were investigated in gasoline direct-injection vehicles, according to fuel preparation methods. Particle number emissions were measured using the golden particle measurement system recommended by the Particle Measurement Programme, and the particle size spectrum was determined using a DMS500 spectrometer installed at the tailpipe of the vehicles. The wall-guided gasoline direct-injection vehicle exhibited the most temperature-dependent nanoparticulate matter exhaust characteristics, owing to direct accumulation of fuel on the piston head and cylinder liner and a high concentration of accumulation mode particles. The air-guided gasoline direct-injection vehicle emitted particle emissions mostly during cold transient driving conditions and high acceleration, which had a weak trimodal characteristic with evenly distributed nucleation and accumulation mode particles. The spray-guided gasoline direct-injection vehicle continuously discharged 10 5 particles/cm 3 during constant-speed driving segments, because of the ultra-lean-burn operation and bulk quenching; particulate matter from the spray-guided gasoline direct-injection vehicle demonstrated a strong bimodal characteristic, spreading over 10-100 nm. The particle number emissions for the gasoline direct-injection vehicles for the New European Driving Cycle test mode were 1.48 3 10 12 particles/km, 6.03 3 10 11 particles/km and 3.17 3 10 12 particles/km for the wall-guided type, the air-guided type and the spray-guided type respectively, and none of these were able to satisfy the proposed particle number regulations for the Euro 6 standard. For gasoline direct-injection vehicles, it should be considered that engine hardware modifications, as well as energy management system calibrations and even the application of the particle filter, may be needed to meet the upcoming particulate matter number regulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the mixture preparation on the nanoparticle characteristics of gasoline direct-injection vehicles

Choi

Kim

Myung

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Higher vehicle speeds are normally associated with higher emissions of particles and changes in the size distribution (Dimou et al, 2011;Joshi et al, 2011;Heywood and Welling, 2009;Kittelson et al, 2006;Maricq, 1999;Ristmaki et al, 2005;Samuel et al, 2010).…”

Section: Particle Emissions From Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Most of the particulate mass is found in the accumulation mode, with particle diameters between 0.1 µm and 1.0 µm. The coarse mode, with particle sizes larger than 1.0 µm, represents 5−20% of the particulate mass, but the particle number in this mode is minor (Filippo, 2011;Joshi et al, 2011;Kirchner et al, 2010).…”

Section: Pm Of the Internal Combustion Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaust nanoparticle emissions from internal combustion engines: A review

Myung

Park

2011

Int.J Automot. Technol.

205

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This paper reviews the particle emissions formed during the combustion process in spark ignition and diesel engine. Proposed legislation in Europe and California will impose a particle number requirement for GDI (gasoline direct injection) vehicles and will introduce the Euro 6 and LEV-III emission standards. More careful optimization for reducing particulate emission on engine hardware, fuel system, and control strategy to reduce particulate emissions will be required during cold start and warm-up phases. Because The diesel combustion inherently produces significant amounts of PM as a result of incomplete combustion around individual fuel droplets in the combustion zone, much attention has been paid to reducing particle emissions through electronic engine control, high pressure injection systems, combustion chamber design, and exhaust after-treatment technologies. In this paper, recent research and development trends to reduce the particle emissions from internal combustion engines are summarized, with a focus on PMP activity in EU, CARB and SAE papers and including both state-of-the-art light-duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines.

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“…Therefore the main emissions of diesel engine are soot and NO x which consists of NO and NO 2 [4]. It is necessary to adopt reasonable control strategy to reduce soot and NO x , because they all have adverse impact on human health and environment [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Effects of Spray Angle on Flow, Combustion and Emissions of Diesel Engine

Zhang

Zhu

2014

AMM

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Previous papers which researched the effects of spray angle were mainly focused on the influence of spray angle on the performance and emissions of diesel engine. Few papers clarified the effect of spray angle on the airflow in detail. Airflow and turbulence have a significant influence on the combustion and distribution of emissions.The effects of spray angle on the flow, combustion and emissions of diesel engine were studied in this paper by a numerical simulation method. The results indicated that the spray angle had an obvious impact on the vortex and turbulence. The distribution of high temperature areas and emissions depend on the vortex and turbulence. With the increase of spray angle, the maximum cylinder pressure and temperature increase gradually. The heat release rate increases with the increase of spray angle. The CO and soot emissions were the lowest when the spray angle is 155°, however, the NOx emissions was the highest at that spray angle.

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An Evaluation of Particle Size Distributions and Particle Number-Based Reductions from Various PM Emission Control Technologies

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of the mixture preparation on the nanoparticle characteristics of gasoline direct-injection vehicles

Effect of the mixture preparation on the nanoparticle characteristics of gasoline direct-injection vehicles

Exhaust nanoparticle emissions from internal combustion engines: A review

Numerical Simulation of Effects of Spray Angle on Flow, Combustion and Emissions of Diesel Engine

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