An evaluation of methodologies for calibrating Itrax X-ray fluorescence counts with ICP-MS concentration data for discrete sediment samples

Gregory, Braden R.B.; Patterson, R. Timothy; Reinhardt, Eduard G.; Galloway, Jennifer M.; Roe, Helen

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.05.008

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The development of end member mixing analysis (EMMA) techniques for the analysis of grain size distributions has been revolutionary, as it now permits researchers to more precisely model the depositional signature [i.e., end members(EM)] of specific catchment and lake hydrological processes [17][18][19][20][21][22]. The development of X-ray fluorescent (XRF) technology has revolutionized geological research as it can be used to analyze sediment geochemistry much faster and with lower cost than possible using traditional geochemical techniques [23][24][25]. Titanium (Ti) has been demonstrated to be a proxy of lake catchment runoff [26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel protocol for mapping the spatial distribution of storm derived sediment in lakes

et al. 2020

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A novel geomatics methodology is presented for locating optimal lake coring sites to potentially capture evidence of paleo-storms. One hundred sediment-water interface samples collected from Harvey Lake, NB, Canada (45° 43′ 45″ N; 67° 00′ 25″ W) were analyzed using: end member mixing analysis (EMMA), which can be used to recognize modal grain size distributions derived from sediment resuspension during major storms; and Itrax X-ray fluorescence core scanningderived Ti, an indicator of catchment runoff, which is enhanced during major storm events. Simple geospatial models based on lake bathymetric and historical wind speed data (Fredericton INTL A climatological station; 1953-2015) were used to determine lake bottom areas susceptible to wave base sediment resuspension. EMMA End Member (EM) 02 (mode = 40 μm) was widely distributed in areas > 4.4 m water depth, which have been unimpacted by wave base remobilization since 1953. Deposition of EM 02 in deeper water areas was interpreted to be of major storm derivation, the result of fallout of resuspended sediments from the water column. This EM was most concentrated in the central part of the lake at >6 m water depth, as well as at the z-max (~ 11 m), and in Herbert's Cove (3-6 m). The main source of runoff derived Ti into the lake was through Sucker Brook, with the highest concentrations in Herbert's Cove and the central part of the lake, including the lake z-max. This assessment indicates that the best undisturbed sedimentary record of paleo-storms is mostly likely in the central part of the lake north of the z-max at water depths of > 6 m, as well as deeper water areas of Herbert's Cove.

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Section: Supplementary Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel protocol for mapping the spatial distribution of storm derived sediment in lakes

et al. 2020

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“…Itrax elemental and density data were normalized as the mean subtracted from each value divided by the standard deviation, following Hevia et al (2018), and are hereafter referred to as relative concentrations. We also normalized the Fe data to total counts and other measured elements, following Turner et al (2015) and Gregory et al (2019), to confirm that the trends Figure 1. Study sites of (a) the living mangrove area (green) and (b) the dead mangrove area (red) near the mouth of the Norman River, Karumba, QLD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…did not change with different normalization approacheswhich they did not. This normalization reduces external effects (Gregory et al, 2019) and allows a more direct comparison between samples from living and dead forest areas. Methods that provided absolute concentrations such as CRS are simply referred to as concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing extreme climatic and geochemical conditions during the largest natural mangrove dieback on record

et al. 2020

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Abstract. A massive mangrove dieback event occurred in 2015–2016 along ∼1000 km of pristine coastline in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Here, we use sediment and wood chronologies to gain insights into geochemical and climatic changes related to this dieback. The unique combination of low rainfall and low sea level observed during the dieback event had been unprecedented in the preceding 3 decades. A combination of iron (Fe) chronologies in wood and sediment, wood density and estimates of mangrove water use efficiency all imply lower water availability within the dead mangrove forest. Wood and sediment chronologies suggest a rapid, large mobilization of sedimentary Fe, which is consistent with redox transitions promoted by changes in soil moisture content. Elemental analysis of wood cross sections revealed a 30- to 90-fold increase in Fe concentrations in dead mangroves just prior to their mortality. Mangrove wood uptake of Fe during the dieback is consistent with large apparent losses of Fe from sediments, which potentially caused an outwelling of Fe to the ocean. Although Fe toxicity may also have played a role in the dieback, this possibility requires further study. We suggest that differences in wood and sedimentary Fe between living and dead forest areas reflect sediment redox transitions that are, in turn, associated with regional variability in groundwater flows. Overall, our observations provide multiple lines of evidence that the forest dieback was driven by low water availability coinciding with a strong El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event and was associated with climate change.

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“…X-ray fluorescence values with Argon counts higher than 6000, representing the measurement of air and thereby more porous/cracked media not representative for changes in sediment composition, were removed from the final dataset. In this study, we use the Log 10 normalized ratios (Gregory et al, 2019) Ti/Al and Si/Al as proxies for aeolian input, whilst the Log 10 Zr/Al and Rb/Al are used as proxies for fluvial input. Indeed, 180 titanium enrichment is considered a typical indicator of increased Saharan dust influence (Frigola et al, 2008;Itambi et al, 2009;Rodrigo-Gámiz et al, 2011), as aeolian deposits tend to concentrate heavy minerals that are rich in elements such as titanium or zirconium (Balsam et al, 1995;Itambi et al, 2009, Rodrigo-Gamíz et al, 2011.…”

Section: Oceanographymentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of Atlantic climate variability on the long-term development of Mediterranean cold-water coral mounds (Alboran Sea, Melilla Mound Field)

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Feenstra

Rüggeberg

et al. 2020

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Abstract. This study provides a detailed reconstruction of climatic events affecting a cold-water coral mound located within the East Melilla Coral Province (Southeast Alboran Sea) over the last 300 ky. Based on benthic foraminiferal assemblages, macrofaunal quantification, grain size analysis, sediment geochemistry, and foraminiferal stable isotope compositions, a reconstruction of environmental conditions prevailing in the region is proposed. The variations in planktonic and benthic δ18O values indicate that cold-water coral mound formation follows global climatic variability. Cold-water corals develop during both interglacial and glacial periods, although interglacial conditions would have allowed better proliferation. Environmental conditions during glacial periods, particularly during the Last Glacial Maximum, appear to better suit the ecological requirements of the erect cheilostome bryozoan Buskea dichotoma. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages suggest that high organic carbon flux characterized interglacial periods. Results from this study imply that increased influence of warm and moist Atlantic air masses during interglacial periods led to increased fluvial discharge, providing nutrients for cold-water corals. Important interglacial Atlantic Water mass inflow further promoted strong Alboran Gyres, and thus mixing between surface and intermediate water masses. Increased turbulence and nutrient supply would have hence provided suitable conditions for coral development. In contrast, benthic foraminiferal assemblages and grain size distributions suggest that the benthic environment received less organic matter during glacial periods, whilst bottom flow velocity was reduced in comparison to interglacial periods. During glacial periods, arid continental conditions combined to more stratified water masses caused a dwindling of coral communities in the southeastern Alboran Sea, although aeolian dust input may have allowed these to survive. In contrast to Northeast Atlantic counterparts, coral mound build-up in the southeastern Alboran Sea occurs during glacial as well as during interglacial periods and at very low aggradation rates (between 1 and 9 cm ky−1). We propose that Buskea dichotoma plays an important role in long-term mound formation at the East Melilla Coral Province, noticeably during glacial periods.

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An evaluation of methodologies for calibrating Itrax X-ray fluorescence counts with ICP-MS concentration data for discrete sediment samples

Abstract: & Roe, H. M. (2019). An evaluation of methodologies for calibrating Itrax X-ray fluorescence counts with ICP-MS concentration data for discrete sediment samples. Chemical Geology.

Cited by 41 publications

References 46 publications

A novel protocol for mapping the spatial distribution of storm derived sediment in lakes

A novel protocol for mapping the spatial distribution of storm derived sediment in lakes

Reconstructing extreme climatic and geochemical conditions during the largest natural mangrove dieback on record

The influence of Atlantic climate variability on the long-term development of Mediterranean cold-water coral mounds (Alboran Sea, Melilla Mound Field)

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