An Evaluation of IFC-CityGML Unidirectional Conversion

El-Mekawy, Mohamed; Östman, Anders; Hijazi, Ihab

doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2012.030525

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…• Recent advances in augmented reality [392] and virtual reality [393]; developments in the fusion of computer graphics, GIS and BIM (e.g., [394][395][396][397][398][399]); and advances in procedural modelling [21,22,[400][401][402] appear as promising catalysts that will contribute to providing 3D city models to practitioners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Biljecki

Stoter

Ledoux

et al. 2015

IJGI

581

380

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In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regarding the utilisation of 3D city models across multiple domains based on a comprehensive literature study including hundreds of research papers, technical reports and online resources. A challenge in a study such as ours is that the ways in which 3D city models are used cannot be readily listed due to fuzziness, terminological ambiguity, unclear added-value of 3D geoinformation in some instances, and absence of technical information. To address this challenge, we delineate a hierarchical terminology (spatial operations, use cases, applications), and develop a theoretical reasoning to segment and categorise the diverse uses of 3D city models. Following this framework, we provide a list of identified use cases of 3D city models (with a description of each), and their applications. Our study demonstrates that 3D city models are employed in at least 29 use cases that are a part of more than 100 applications. The classified inventory could be useful for scientists as well as stakeholders in the geospatial industry, such as companies and national mapping agencies, as it may serve as a reference document to better position their operations, design product portfolios, and to better understand the market.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Biljecki

Stoter

Ledoux

et al. 2015

IJGI

581

380

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“…Laat and van Berlo [16] described the development of a CityGML ADE (application domain extension), to enrich CityGML with semantics from IFC data. A method, focusing on the semantics, for unidirectional transformation between IFC and CityGML with the aid of a unified building model was suggested by El-Mekawy et al [17]. Donkers et al [12] develop an automatic transformation from IFC models to CityGML LOD3 models based on three steps: (1) filtering and mappings of the semantics; (2) 3D geometric transformations to extract the exterior envelope of a building; and (3) refinements that ensure that the output is a valid CityGML file also from a geometric perspective.…”

Section: Integration Of Bim and Geospatial Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Automation of Building Permission by Integration of BIM and Geospatial Data

Olsson

Axelsson

Hooper

et al. 2018

IJGI

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Abstract:The building permission process is to a large extent an analogue process where much information is handled in paper format or as pdf files. With the ongoing digitalisation in society, there is a potential to automate this process by integrating Building Information Models (BIM) of planned buildings and geospatial data to check if a building conforms to the building permission regulations. In this study, an inventory of which regulations in the (Swedish) detailed development plans that can be automatically checked or supported by 3D visualisation was conducted. Then, two of these regulations, the building height and the building footprint area, were studied in detail to find to which extent they can be automatically checked by integration of BIM and geospatial data. In addition, a feasibility study of one visual criterion was conducted. One concern when automating the building permission process is the variability of content within the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data model. Variations in modelling methods and model content leads to differences in IFC models' content and structure; these differences complicate automated processes. To facilitate automated processes, requirements on the production of IFC models for building permission applications could be defined in the form of model view definitions or delivery specifications.

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“…Nagel and Kolbe (2007) and El-Mekawy et al (2012) highlighted the most relevant relationships in IFC Models that can be applied in geospatial analysis ( CityGML (Nagel & Kolbe, 2007) However, the different schemas as well as the handle of geometries and semantics in each Standard renders the integration quite complex. Concretely, IFC focuses on the building environment and provides great detail in terms of structural elements such as Tiles and Walls and equipment such as MEP.…”

Section: Correlation Of the Two Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Integration Capabilities Between Ifc and Citygml Lod3 for 3d City Modelling

Floros

Pispidikis

Dimopoulou

2017

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Smart cities are applied to an increasing number of application fields. This evolution though urges data collection and integration, hence major issues arise that need to be tackled. One of the most important challenges is the heterogeneity of collected data, especially if those data derive from different standards and vary in terms of geometry, topology and semantics. Another key challenge is the efficient analysis and visualization of spatial data, which due to the complexity of the physical reality in modern world, 2D GIS struggles to cope with. So, in order to facilitate data analysis and enhance the role of smart cities, the 3 rd dimension needs to be implemented. Standards such as CityGML and IFC fulfill that necessity but they present major differences in their schemas that render their integration a challenging task. This paper focuses on addressing those differences, examining the up to date research work and investigates an alternative methodology in order to bridge the gap between those Standards. Within this framework, a generic IFC model is generated and converted to a CityGML Model, which is validated and evaluated on its geometrical correctness and semantical coherence. General results as well as future research considerations are presented.

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An Evaluation of IFC-CityGML Unidirectional Conversion

Cited by 51 publications

References 6 publications

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Automation of Building Permission by Integration of BIM and Geospatial Data

Investigating Integration Capabilities Between Ifc and Citygml Lod3 for 3d City Modelling

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