Investigating Integration Capabilities Between Ifc and Citygml Lod3 for 3d City Modelling

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Smart cities are applied to an increasing number of application fields. This evolution though urges data collection and integration, hence major issues arise that need to be tackled. One of the most important challenges is the heterogeneity of collected data, especially if those data derive from different standards and vary in terms of geometry, topology and semantics. Another key challenge is the efficient analysis and visualization of spatial data, which due to the complexity of the physical reality in modern world, 2D GIS struggles to cope with. So, in order to facilitate data analysis and enhance the role of smart cities, the 3 rd dimension needs to be implemented. Standards such as CityGML and IFC fulfill that necessity but they present major differences in their schemas that render their integration a challenging task. This paper focuses on addressing those differences, examining the up to date research work and investigates an alternative methodology in order to bridge the gap between those Standards. Within this framework, a generic IFC model is generated and converted to a CityGML Model, which is validated and evaluated on its geometrical correctness and semantical coherence. General results as well as future research considerations are presented.

Automation of Building Permission by Integration of BIM and Geospatial Data

“…The extract, transform and load (ETL) tool Feature Manipulation Engine (FME) from SAFE Software, Vancouver, Canada (https://www.safe.com/) also provides capabilities to handle both BIM and geospatial data. Examples of studies that have used the FME framework for transformation of BIM and geospatial data are [19][20][21]. In this study, we extended the implementation in [21] that was available in an FME environment.…”

Integrated Use of Remote Sensed Data and Numerical Cartography for the Generation of 3d City Models

“…3D city models allow an efficient bi-directional integration in a GIS with data coming from different information systems (Ross et al, 2009;Africani et al, 2013). On the other part of the scale, these models can benefit from the highest LOD achievable with information obtained from Building Information Models (BIM) (Barazzetti & Banfi, 2017;de Laat & van Berlo, 2011;Floros et al, 2017;Kang & Hong, 2015;Ma & Ren, 2017). Applications that can make effective use of the mentioned systems are many, both for mapping and updating the current representation of the territory and for monitoring changes over time.…”

Characterizing 3D City Modeling Projects: Towards a Harmonized Interoperable System

“…IFC is a semantic model like CityGML, a standard exchange format in 3D GIS, but it is restricted to building data and focuses on the structural information related to the construction and design of buildings [19]. Numerous conversion tools have been developed but a robust two-way conversion between IFC and CityGML models still remains unsolved even in the scale of single buildings of fairly simple structures [23]. Moreover, 3D game engines lack the support for both CityGML and IFC standards since they have not been optimized for efficient visualization required in immersive applications [12,19,26].…”

“…On the other hand, common standards and formats (e.g., Collada, OBJ, and FXB) in 3D computer graphics that focus on powerful visualization lack the semantic structures and descriptions used in both IFC and CityGML [4]. Despite numerous research activities the interoperability of 3D city models remains as a challenging task and is still hindered by many issues, such as the ambiguities and differences in modeling, differences in perspectives, missing guidelines, challenges in data conversion and georeferencing, and problems in data quality [4,[23][24][25]27]. So far, very few if any contributions have been published focusing on the integration of 3D GIS, BIM, and computer graphics models.…”

“…The interoperability of 3D city models and especially the integration of 3D GIS and building information (BIM) models has been a significant research question [4,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. One of the aims has been in developing a process where the building data of a 3D city model would be updated using BIM models of new buildings.…”