An evaluation of H13 tool steel deformation in hot forging conditions

Marashi, James; Yakushina, E.; Xirouchakis, Paul; Zante, Remi Christophe; Foster, Jim

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.03.026

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…due to its strong temper resistance and ability to maintain high hardness and strength at elevated temperatures [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. During working processes such as die casting, tool steel molds are heated using molten metals, which is then followed by cooling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hot-work tool steels fabricated by conventional methods require expensive dedicated tools and thus are not suitable for small-scale production and the production of complex shapes [5][6][7]. An additive manufacturing (AM) technique, which builds parts from 3D digital models typically by a layer additive process, has been an effective method to solve these problems [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Nguyen

Kim

Lee

et al. 2018

Metals

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This paper demonstrates the successful printing of H13 tool steel by a selective laser melting (SLM) method at a scan laser speed of 200 mm/s for the best microstructure and mechanical behavior. Specifically, the nanoindentation strain-rate sensitivity values were 0.022, 0.019, 0.027, 0.028, and 0.035 for SLM H13 at laser scan speeds of 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mm/s, respectively. This showed that the hardness increases as the strain rate increases and, practically, the hardness values of the SLM H13 at the 200 mm/s laser scan speed are the highest and least sensitive to the strain rate as compared to H13 samples at other scan speeds. The SLM processing of this material at 200 mm/s laser scan speed therefore shows the highest potential for advanced tool design. Residual stress is expected to affect the hardness and shall be investigated in future research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Nguyen

Kim

Lee

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…The fillet radius (2 mm) has been carefully selected to ensure that surface changes on the die insert are attributable to abrasive and adhesive wear. This geometry eliminates plastic deformation of the die insert [13].…”

Section: Hot Forging Standard Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remanufacture of hot forging tools and dies using laser metal deposition with powder and a hard-facing alloy Stellite 21®

et al. 2018

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Additive Layer Manufacturing (ALM) processes are attracting interest in the forging industry due to their potential suitability for remanufacturing and repair of tools and dies. The ALM process known as Laser Metal Deposition with powder (LMD-p) can be used to provide a hard-facing alloy repair to hot forging tools. This is particularly important on complex tool geometries due their superior wear resistance. The Advanced Forming Research Centre (AFRC) has established a low cost standard test method to evaluate abrasive and adhesive wear on hot forging H13 tool steel dies on an industrial scale 160 kJ Schuler screw press. The bespoke tool design allows researchers to benchmark new and novel coatings, lubricants and additive layers against a known standard. Furthermore, AFRC metrology standard methods ensure repeatability and reproducibility of benchmark results. To evaluate the performance of LMD-p for remanufacturing of hot forging tools and dies, a cobalt based alloy (Stellite 21 ®) was selected. Stellite 21 ® is widely used as a hard-facing alloy as it provides excellent machinability coupled with superior wear characteristics. AFRC standard dies were coated with LMD-p Stellite 21 ®. The LMD-p coating was then machined to final geometry and then subjected to hot forging under AFRC standard conditions to compare to benchmark wear characteristics. Adhesive and abrasive wear was evaluated. It was shown that the Stellite 21 ® LMD-p additive layer performed better in both adhesive and abrasive conditions than standard H13 tools steel dies.

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“…Similar analysis was carried out for HS/SM samples, as shown in Figure 5. The AISI H13 shows a tempered martensitic structure [25], as can be seen in Figure 5a. In this sample, the interface is not clearly identified, but is possible to note a different appearance between the 3D-printed material near the AISI H13 steel and the 3D-printed material distant from the interface (both zones are marked by arrows in Figure 5b).…”

Section: Metallographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 91%

Fracture Toughness of Hybrid Components with Selective Laser Melting 18Ni300 Steel Parts

Santos¹,

Jesús²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is currently one of the more advanced manufacturing and prototyping processes, allowing the 3D-printing of complex parts through the layer-by-layer deposition of powder materials melted by laser. This work concerns the study of the fracture toughness of maraging AISI 18Ni300 steel implants by SLM built over two different conventional steels, AISI H13 and AISI 420, ranging the scan rate between 200 mm/s and 400 mm/s. The SLM process creates an interface zone between the conventional steel and the laser melted implant in the final form of compact tension (CT) samples, where the hardness is higher than the 3D-printed material but lower than the conventional steel. Both fully 3D-printed series and 3D-printed implants series produced at 200 mm/s of scan rate showed higher fracture toughness than the other series built at 400 mm/s of scan rate due to a lower level of internal defects. An inexpressive variation of fracture toughness was observed between the implanted series with the same parameters. The crack growth path for all samples occurred in the limit of interface/3D-printed material zone and occurred between laser melted layers.

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An evaluation of H13 tool steel deformation in hot forging conditions

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Evaluation of Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Selective Laser Melted H13 Tool Steel Using Nanoindentation Tests

Remanufacture of hot forging tools and dies using laser metal deposition with powder and a hard-facing alloy Stellite 21®

Fracture Toughness of Hybrid Components with Selective Laser Melting 18Ni300 Steel Parts

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