An Evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub>, Measurements as an Indicator of Air Pollution

Clarke, J. F.; Faoro, Robert B.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1966.10468465

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Diurnal variations of C a in urban and suburban regions, including the suburban site in our study, typically show a maximum at night time and a daytime minimum (Berry and Colls 1990;Clarke and Faoro 1966;Reid and Steyn 1997). However, the C a at the urban canyon in our study did not show this typical variation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Increase in the CO 2 exchange rate of leaves of Ilex rotunda with elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration in an urban canyon

Takagi

Gyokusen

Saito

1998

International Journal of Biometeorology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It was found that the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration in an urban canyon in Fukuoka city, Japan during August 1997 was about 30 µmol mol −1 higher than that in the suburbs. When fully exposed to sunlight, in situ the rate of photosynthesis in single leaves of Ilex rotunda planted in the urban canyon was higher when the atmospheric CO 2 concentration was elevated. A biochemically based model was able to predict the in situ rate of photosynthesis well. The model also predicted an increase in the daily CO 2 exchange rate for leaves in the urban canyon with an increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentration. However, in situ such an increase in the daily CO 2 exchange rate may be offset by diminished sunlight, a higher air temperature and a lower relative humidity. Thus, the daily CO 2 exchange rate predicted using the model based soleley on the environmental conditions prevailing in the urban canyon was lower than that predicted based only on environmental factors found in the suburbs.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Increase in the CO 2 exchange rate of leaves of Ilex rotunda with elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration in an urban canyon

Takagi

Gyokusen

Saito

1998

International Journal of Biometeorology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Repeated in summer, this experiment showed that high CO 2 concentration in the central core of Phoenix is a year-round phenomenon, although it is less intense in summer (Idso, Idso, and Balling 2001). Research in Nottingham, England, Vancouver, Canada, St. Louis, Missouri, New Orleans, Louisiana, Cincinnati, Ohio, and Fukuoka City, Japan confirms the existence of urban-rural differences in CO 2 levels, although those found in these studies were not as large as those found in Phoenix (Clarke and Faoro 1966; Colls 1990a, 1990b;Reid and Steyn 1997;Bakwin et al 1998;Takagi, Gyokusen, and Saito 1998).Beyond broad generalizations that CO 2 levels reach a peak in areas with the most intense human activity and are higher in the morning than the afternoon, little is known about urban CO 2 patterns and processes. The purpose of this article is to characterize the determinants I 16 Wentz et al and spatial patterns of near-surface urban CO 2 concentrations in Phoenix.…”

mentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Interested in vertical mixing of gases in the boundary layer, Reid and Steyn (1997) found mean diurnal differences of 20 ppmv at both 5 and 22.5 meters above the surface at a suburban site in Vancouver. Clarke and Faoro (1966) reported diurnal CO 2 variations of 90 ppmv in Cincinnati, Ohio measured at 1 meter above the ground. In Fukuoka City, Japan, Takagi, Gyokusen, and Saito (1998) found CO 2 levels to be 30 ppmv higher in an urban canyon than in surrounding suburbs when measured at 2.5 m above ground.…”

Section: Urban Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Patterns and Determinants of Winter Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in an Urban Environment

Wentz

Gober

Balling

et al. 2002

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this article is to describe determinants and spatial patterns of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in Phoenix, Arizona. Specifically, we use geographic information systems (GIS) and regression-based analyses to identify the human and biological factors that contribute to spatial and temporal variations in near-surface (2-meter height) atmospheric CO 2 levels. We use these factors to create estimated surfaces of CO 2 concentrations for the area. We evaluate the surfaces using records of CO 2 from independent monitoring stations and transects. To investigate the temporal patterns and variations in CO 2 concentrations, we estimate CO 2 surfaces for the early mornings and the afternoons, on weekdays when traffic is heavy and spatially focused and on weekends when it is lighter and more spatially dispersed. Findings suggest there is a distinct relationship between the structure of Phoenix CO 2 levels and spatial patterns of human activities and vegetation densities. Morning CO 2 levels are higher than afternoon levels and correspond closely to the density of traffic, population, and employment. The spatial structure of human activity explains the pattern of CO 2 better on weekdays than on weekends. CO 2 surfaces reflect declining densities of human activity with distance from the city center, the pattern of irrigated agriculture in the Phoenix area, and riparian habitats on the urban fringe. Spatial and temporal patterns of CO 2 concentrations are useful in understanding urban climate and ecosystem processes. Key Words: carbon dioxide, geographic information systems (GIS), regression-based mapping, urban climatology.nterest in interactions among carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), human activity, climate change, and ecosystem processes has been largely at global, hemispheric, and regional scales. To aid in understanding global changes to CO 2 , FLUXNET (along with EuroFlux, AmeriFlux, and MedeFlu) was devised as a world-wide coordinated initiative to disseminate data for long-term monitoring of CO 2 (FLUXNET 2001). Climatologists have examined how human-induced increases in atmospheric CO 2 levels affect climatic patterns , while biologists have concentrated on the impact of higher CO 2 levels on ecosystems and the "missing sink" problem-why atmospheric CO 2 concentrations are less than expected on the basis of estimated rates of anthropogenic emissions and simulated oceanic and terrestrial carbon uptake levels (Lloyd 1999). Scientists have paid less attention to urban-scale CO 2 processes, despite the fact that increases in atmospheric CO 2 are largely anthropogenic in origin and therefore heavily concentrated in urban areas.Recently, enhanced CO 2 levels in and around urban regions have been documented. Idso and colleagues found near-surface (2 meters) concentrations of CO 2 in January in Phoenix, Arizona in the near-dawn hours as high as 555 parts per million by volume (ppmv). This is 185 ppmv higher than the background readings of 370 ppmv in surrounding open desert and agricultural fields. Urban-rural differ...

show abstract

“…In support to this, a study carried out by Jacobson (2008) showed that the CO 2 domes can enhance the ambient levels of O 3 and PM 2.5 and also can increase the mortality rate by 21,600 persons/year, globally. Thus, investigations on ground level CO 2 measurements at different land uses are becoming very crucial as it improves the understanding of response of local air quality under different CO 2 concentrations (Clarke and Faoro, 1966).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of ground level CO2 concentrations over contrasting land uses in a tropical urban environment

Kumar

Nagendra

2015

Atmospheric Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An Evaluation of CO₂, Measurements as an Indicator of Air Pollution

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Increase in the CO 2 exchange rate of leaves of Ilex rotunda with elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration in an urban canyon

Increase in the CO 2 exchange rate of leaves of Ilex rotunda with elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration in an urban canyon

Spatial Patterns and Determinants of Winter Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in an Urban Environment

Characteristics of ground level CO2 concentrations over contrasting land uses in a tropical urban environment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

An Evaluation of CO2, Measurements as an Indicator of Air Pollution

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Increase in the CO 2 exchange rate of leaves of Ilex rotunda with elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration in an urban canyon

Increase in the CO 2 exchange rate of leaves of Ilex rotunda with elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration in an urban canyon

Spatial Patterns and Determinants of Winter Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in an Urban Environment

Characteristics of ground level CO2 concentrations over contrasting land uses in a tropical urban environment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

An Evaluation of CO₂, Measurements as an Indicator of Air Pollution