“…Masticatory ability was self-assessed by means of a questionnaire designed by Sato et al 11 The survey included questions on the chewing of the following 20 items arranged from easy-to hard-to-chew food: tofu, omelette, boiled potato, boiled carrot, bean sprouts, fish cake, potato chips, burdock, rice-cake cubes, roast meat, peanuts, pickled radish, hard cracker, hard rice cracker, cockle, hard pickled radish, dried squid, dried scallop, chewing gum, and whole apple. The subject was asked to classify each of the 20 food items as ''easy to chew'', ''difficult to chew'', or ''impossible to chew'' without exception.…”