An Eulerian-Lagrangian Spray and Atomization Model With Improved Turbulence Modeling

Weng, Ning; Reitz, Rolf D.; Diwakar, Ramachandra; Lippert, Andreas

doi:10.1615/atomizspr.v19.i8.20

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…An Eulerian model was originally proposed by Vallet et al [2] for the atomization of a liquid jet which considered atomization as turbulent mixing process. Recently, variations of this model have been implemented by several groups to study its capability for near nozzle and farfield sprays [25,26,27,28,29]. The global parameters such as liquid penetration, Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD), and axial velocity are compared with measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eulerian CFD Modeling of Coupled Nozzle Flow and Spray with Validation Against X-Ray Radiography Data

Xue

Battistoni

Som

et al. 2014

SAE Int. J. Engines

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High injection pressure and direct injection techniques are extensively implemented to achieve better air-fuel mixture formation for controlling combustion and pollutant formation processes. This has necessitated further understanding of the in-nozzle flow and near-nozzle spray phenomena both experimentally and numerically. For example, researchers across the world have made many contributions in these areas in the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) [4] in the past few years.The discrete droplet method (DDM) [5] has been widely used in the traditional Lagrangian-Eulerian approach for modeling fuel sprays in Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). The Lagrangian-Eulerian approach treats the gas-phase in an Eulerian manner while the liquid phase is modeled in a Abstract This paper implements a coupled approach to integrate the internal nozzle flow and the ensuing fuel spray using a Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method in the CONVERGE CFD software. A VOF method was used to model the internal nozzle two-phase flow with a cavitation description closed by the homogeneous relaxation model of Bilicki and Kestin [1]. An Eulerian single velocity field approach by Vallet et al. [2] was implemented for near-nozzle spray modeling. This Eulerian approach considers the liquid and gas phases as a complex mixture with a highly variable density to describe near nozzle dense sprays. The mean density is obtained from the Favreaveraged liquid mass fraction. The liquid mass fraction is transported with a model for the turbulent liquid diffusion flux into the gas. Simulations were performed in three dimensions and the data for validation were obtained from the x-ray radiography measurements Kastengren et al. [3] at Argonne National Laboratory for a diesel fuel surrogate n-dodecane. The quantitative and time-resolved data consisting of fuel mass distribution and spray velocity in the near nozzle dense spray region are used to validate the coupled Eulerian approach. A standard k-ε Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes based turbulence models is implemented in this study and the influence of model constants are evaluated. The effect of grid size is also evaluated by comparing the fuel distribution against experimental data. Finally, the fuel distribution predicted by the coupled Eulerian approach is compared against classical Lagrangian spray model results. The coupled Eulerian approach provides a unique way of coupling the nozzle flow and sprays so that the effects of in-nozzle flow can be directly realized on the fuel spray.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eulerian CFD Modeling of Coupled Nozzle Flow and Spray with Validation Against X-Ray Radiography Data

Xue

Battistoni

Som

et al. 2014

SAE Int. J. Engines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, variations of this model have been implemented by several groups to study its capability for near nozzle and far-field sprays (Lebas et al, 2005;Demoulin et al, 2007;Lebas et al, 2009;Ning et al, 2009;Trask et al, 2012;Chesnel et al, 2012;Duret et al, 2013;Garcia-Oliver et al, 2013;Salvador et al, 2014). The global parameters such as liquid penetration, Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD), and axial velocity are compared with measurements for validation of the models.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Eulerian CFD model and X-ray radiography for coupled nozzle flow and spray in internal combustion engines

Xue

Battistoni

Powell

et al. 2015

International Journal of Multiphase Flow

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This paper implements a coupled approach to integrate the internal nozzle flow and the ensuing fuel spray using a Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method in the finite-volume framework. A VOF method is used to model the internal nozzle two-phase flow with a cavitation description closed by the homogeneous relaxation model of Bilicki and Kestin (1990). An Eulerian single velocity field approach by Vallet et al. (2001) is implemented for near-nozzle spray modeling. This Eulerian approach considers the liquid and gas phases as a complex mixture with a highly variable density to describe near nozzle dense sprays. The liquid mass fraction is transported with a model for the turbulent liquid diffusion flux into the gas. Fully-coupled nozzle flow and spray simulations are performed in three dimensions and validated against the x-ray radiography measurements of Kastengren et al. (2014) for a diesel fuel surrogate. A standard k − ǫ Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes based turbulence model is used in this study and the influence of model constants is evaluated. First, the grid convergence study is performed. The effect of grid size is also evaluated by comparing the fuel distribution against experimental data. Finally, the fuel distribution predicted by the coupled Eulerian approach is compared against that by Lagrangian-Eulerian spray model along with experimental data. The coupled Eulerian approach provides a unique way of coupling the nozzle flow and sprays so that the effects of in-nozzle flow can be directly realized on the fuel spray. Both experiment and numerical simulations show noncavitation occurring for this injector with convergent nozzle geometry. The study shows that the Eulerian approach has advantages over near-field dense spray distributions.

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“…The geometrical parameters include nozzle inlet radius, nozzle length, and nozzle passage convergence while the flow conditions involve chamber pressures as well as the time‐dependent injection pressure. A further study includes vaporization of an Eulerian liquid phase based on an equilibrium evaporation model . The integration of both spray and atomization models leads to a better prediction of diesel spray development and atomization, which has been verified by experimental data obtained from X‐ray and other measurements.…”

Section: Numerical Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation in Diesel Fuel Injector Nozzles and its Influence on Atomization and Spray

2018

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In combustors, high‐pressure fuel injector nozzles are employed for liquid atomization and spray generation. The internal flow within nozzles, especially cavitation, plays an important role in promoting the breakup of liquid jets. The formation mechanism and evolvement of cavitation are reviewed and described. Different cavitation regimes were characterized experimentally and the positive effect of cavitation on liquid atomization was confirmed. Different empirical formulas correlating the discharge coefficient with fluid‐dynamical parameters are summarized. The applicability, advantages, and disadvantages of two popular computational models for flow modeling, i.e., the interface tracking model and the homogeneous equilibrium model, are reviewed. The effects of cavitation on the generated spray are discussed.

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An Eulerian-Lagrangian Spray and Atomization Model With Improved Turbulence Modeling

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Eulerian CFD Modeling of Coupled Nozzle Flow and Spray with Validation Against X-Ray Radiography Data

Eulerian CFD Modeling of Coupled Nozzle Flow and Spray with Validation Against X-Ray Radiography Data

An Eulerian CFD model and X-ray radiography for coupled nozzle flow and spray in internal combustion engines

Cavitation in Diesel Fuel Injector Nozzles and its Influence on Atomization and Spray

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