An ethogram of the common marmoset (Calithrix jacchus jacchus): General behavioural repertoire

Stevenson, Miranda F.; Poole, Trevor B.

doi:10.1016/s0003-3472(76)80053-x

Cited by 295 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We quantified the frequency and duration of natural behaviors (Stevenson and Poole 1976) at 30 min long epochs (starting approximately at 8:00 am) previous to the first drug testing session. This assessment comprised locomotion and scent marking events; remaining in the nest box and remaining still in specific quadrants of the cage; moving around the cage; food examination and mastication; scratching; and grooming.…”

Section: Ictal and Non-ictal Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seizures triggered by pentylenetetrazol in marmosets made chronically epileptic with pilocarpine show greater refractoriness to treatment

et al. 2016

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a b s t r a c tThe efficiency of most of the new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on clinical trials still falls short the success reported in pre-clinical studies, possibly because the validity of the animal models is insufficient to fully represent the human pathology. To improve the translational value for testing AEDs, we propose the use of non-human primates. Here, we suggest that triggering limbic seizures with low doses of PTZ in pilocarpine-treated marmosets might provide a more effective basis for the development of AED. Marmosets with epileptic background were more susceptible to seizures induced by PTZ, which were at least 3 times longer and more severe (about 6 times greater frequency of generalized seizures) in comparison to naïve peers. Accordingly, PTZ-induced seizures were remarkably less attenuated by AEDs in epileptic than naïve marmosets. While phenobarbital (40 mg/kg) virtually abolished seizures regardless of the animal's background, carbamazepine (120 mg/kg) and valproic acid (400 mg/kg) could not prevent PTZinduced seizures in epileptic animals with the same efficiency as observed in naïve peers. VPA was less effective regarding the duration of individual seizures in epileptic animals, as assessed in ECoG (p = 0.05). Similarly following CBZ treatment, the behavioral manifestation of generalized seizures lasted longer in epileptic (p < 0.05), which were also more frequent than in the naïve group (p < 0.05). As expected, epileptic marmosets experiencing stronger seizures showed more NPY-and FosB-immunostained neurons in a number of brain areas associated with the generation and spread of limbic seizures. Our results suggest that PTZ induced seizures over an already existing epileptic background constitutes a reliable and controllable mean for the screening of new AEDs.

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Section: Ictal and Non-ictal Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seizures triggered by pentylenetetrazol in marmosets made chronically epileptic with pilocarpine show greater refractoriness to treatment

et al. 2016

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“…Behavioral data were always collected between 06:30 and 08:30 a.m. to avoid the influence of circadian variation (Erkert 1989). The behaviors were described according to the ethogram compiled by Stevenson and Poole (1976). Individual behaviors, including autogrooming (duration), scent marking (frequency), and piloerection (frequency), were analyzed.…”

Section: Behavioral Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The species is commonly used as a test animal due to its good adaptation to captivity, high fertility rate, and relatively small size (Dixson and Lunn 1987;Lacreuse et al 2014). This species has a well-defined ethogram (Stevenson and Poole 1976), and non-invasive techniques to measure fecal steroid hormones (cortisol, progesterone, and androgens) are well established, promoting the use of this species as an experimental model ('t Hart et al 2012;Kishi et al 2014;Phillips et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and behavioral responses to routine procedures in captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

et al. 2016

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The effect of routine captive procedures on the welfare of species used as experimental models in biomedical research is of great interest, since stress may alter the generalization and interpretation of results. This study investigated behavioral and endocrine (fecal cortisol) reactivity patterns in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) adult males (N = 10) and females (N = 9) subjected to three types of routine procedures in captivity: (1) moving to a same-sized cage (P1), to a smaller cage (P2), and (2) first-time pair formation (P3). Sexually dimorphic cortisol responses were detected in animals submitted to a physical environmental stressor (cage change). Females showed an increased response throughout P1, in relation to baseline (BP) cortisol, and a trend during P2. Males increased cortisol only during P2. On the other hand, males and females showed a similar endocrine response when management involved social challenge (pair formation), with both sexes increasing cortisol levels, but females exhibited a more intense and longer-lasting cortisol increase. Males and females exhibited similar behavioral responses to cage change, except for autogrooming, with males decreasing this behavior in P1. Only females demonstrated a significantly higher increase in piloerection frequency than that of males during the pair formation phase. These endocrine and behavioral changes must be taken into account when interpreting research data that involve these types of procedures. Further studies on the impacts of routine colony management are required to devise and include protocols in official husbandry guidelines.

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“…A range of parameters were obtained according to Carey et al (1992) based on Stevenson and Poole (1976): 1) The number of characteristic postures exhibited: tail posture (tail raise to present the genital region), scent marking (the anal and genital area is pressed against the substrate to be marked with excretion of the glands), arched pilo (arched back posture with full body pilo-erection), slit stare (stare with the eyes half-closed in combination with tufts flattened and exposure of the teeth), rearing (upright position with flexed paws), twisting (head and torso movement from side to side), 2) The time spent in the front of the cage, 3) The number of position changes in the cage, 4) The number of movements from the back of the cage to the front, and 5) The number of jumps from the left side of the cage to the right side or vice versa.…”

Section: Human Threat Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral effects of modafinil in marmoset monkeys

et al. 2006

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Rationale: Modafinil is increasingly used in sleep disturbances in general and in neurodegenerative diseases and is recently being used in healthy people for attention control. However, the application of modafinil is possibly not only restricted to alertness enhancing effects. More insight in this compound may lead to new applications. Not all behavioral aspects have been studied sufficiently; therefore, more detailed investigations on modafinil's positive and aversive behavioral effects are addressed in this paper. Objectives: Determination of effects of modafinil in marmoset monkeys with observational methods and with behavioral tests measuring locomotor activity, hand-eye coordination, response to a threat situation and startle response. Materials and methods: Two hours after oral administration of modafinil in doses of 50, 100, 150, and 225 mg/kg, animals were observed and tested in the behavioral test systems. Results: Locomotor activity was increased after 100 mg/ kg modafinil in the Bungalow test and after 100, 150, and 225 mg/kg, as found in the movement parameters of the human threat test. Moreover, modafinil showed anxiolyticlike effects in the human threat test. No other side effects were observed, nor were the hand-eye coordination and startle response affected. Conclusions: Besides psychostimulation, modafinil has no aversive effects in the doses used in the domains measured. The potential anxiolyticlike effects of modafinil may create new possibilities for the therapeutic use of modafinil.

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An ethogram of the common marmoset (Calithrix jacchus jacchus): General behavioural repertoire

Cited by 295 publications

References 27 publications

Seizures triggered by pentylenetetrazol in marmosets made chronically epileptic with pilocarpine show greater refractoriness to treatment

Seizures triggered by pentylenetetrazol in marmosets made chronically epileptic with pilocarpine show greater refractoriness to treatment

Physiological and behavioral responses to routine procedures in captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Behavioral effects of modafinil in marmoset monkeys

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