An Essay on Color Vision and Clinical Color-Vision Tests

Linksz, Arthur

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(64)91250-4

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…& Cohen, 1968;Jameson & Hurvich, 1955;Larimer, Krantz, & Cicerone, 1974Linksz, 1964;Raaijmakers & De Weert, 1975;Richards, 1967;Rubin, 1961;Yager & Taylor, 1970). Unique-hue locus measures have also been used to monitor states of chromatic adaptation (Akita, Cohen, Osaka, & Ejima, 1978; and to quantify effects of chromatic contrast (Eichengreen, 1976;Walraven, 1976;Wooten, 1970).…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-Term Drifts in Individual Observers' Unique-Hue Spectral Loci

et al. 1978

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Unique-hue spectral loci were measured under conditions of neutral adaptation as part of a study of hue-response recovery following chromatic adaptation. Four observers adjusted the wavelength of the test-field until it appeared to be neither yellow nor blue (unique green) or neither red nor green (unique yellow and blue) in randomized sessions. The results showed that there were marked individual differences and long-term drifts in the unique-hue settings over a period of a month.The variability within a session was minimal.Measurements of unique-hue spectral loci are important in specifying the characteristics of normal color vision and in theorizing about their underlying mechanisms

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confidence: 99%

Long-Term Drifts in Individual Observers' Unique-Hue Spectral Loci

et al. 1978

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“…The expected normal mean for each age was calculated from this function (Table 3). The Moreland match was determined with the procedure suggested by Linksz (Linksz, 1964). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substitution of isoleucine for threonine at position 190 of S-opsin causes S-cone-function abnormalities

et al. 2012

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Five mutations in the S-cone-opsin gene (OPN1SW) that give rise to different single amino-acid substitutions (L56P, G79R, S214P, P264S, R283Q) are known to be associated with tritan color-vision deficiency. Here we report a sixth OPN1SW mutation (T190I) and the associated color vision phenotype. S-opsin genotyping and clinical evaluation of color vision were performed on affected and unaffected family members and normal controls. Chromatic contrast was tested at different levels of retinal illuminance. Affected family members were heterozygous for a nucleotide change that substituted the amino acid isoleucine (I) in place of threonine (T) that is normally present at position 190 of the S-opsin. The mutation is in extracellular loop II (EII). The association between making tritan errors and having the T190I mutant S opsin was strong (p > 0.0001: Fisher's exact test). The performance of subjects with the T190I mutation was significantly different from that of normal trichromats along the tritan vector under all conditions tested (Mann-Whitney U: p < 0.05), but not along the protan or deutan vectors. Individuals with the T190I S-opsin mutation behaved as mild tritans at 12.3–92.3 Td, but as tritanopes at 1.2–9.2 Td, for both light-adapted and dark-adapted conditions. The results are consistent with the mutant opsin causing abnormal S-cone function.

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“…Color matching was performed using a Nagel type I anomaloscope following the testing procedure suggested by Linksz (1964) in-cluding the use of the preadaptation screen when applicable. Red-green color deficient subjects were classified according to their performance on this test.…”

Section: Color Vision Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an updated HRR color vision test

Bailey¹,

Neitz

Tait

et al. 2004

Vis Neurosci

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The HRR pseudoisochromatic plate (pip) test was originally designed as a screening and diagnostic test for color vision deficiencies. The original HRR test is now long out of print. We evaluate here the new 4th edition of the HRR test, produced in 2002 by Richmond Products. The 2002 edition was compared to the original 1955 edition for a group of subjects with normal color vision and a group who had been previously diagnosed as having color vision deficiencies. The color deficient subjects spanned the range of severity among people with red-green deficiencies except for one individual who had a mild congenital tritan deficiency. The new test compared favorably with the original and in at least two areas, outperformed it. Among subjects with deutan defects the classification of severity correlated better with the anomaloscope results than the original; all the subjects who were classified as dichromats on the anomaloscope were rated as "severe" on the new HRR, while those diagnosed as anomalous trichromats were rated as mild or medium on the new test. Among those with moderate and severe defects the new test was highly accurate in correctly categorizing subjects as protan or deutan. In addition, a mild tritan subject made a tritan error on the new test whereas he was misdiagnosed as normal on the original.

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An Essay on Color Vision and Clinical Color-Vision Tests

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Long-Term Drifts in Individual Observers' Unique-Hue Spectral Loci

Long-Term Drifts in Individual Observers' Unique-Hue Spectral Loci

Substitution of isoleucine for threonine at position 190 of S-opsin causes S-cone-function abnormalities

Evaluation of an updated HRR color vision test

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