An ESCA Apparatus with Monochromatized X-Ray Source

Maeda, Kogoro; Tada, Yoshifumi

doi:10.1143/jjap.11.1059

Cited by 4 publications

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“…The Cr-rich areas with a Cr content higher than 25 at% are non-ferromagnetic and are too small to compensate for this high M s. As a result, the average value of M s for a Co-Cr film with a compositional separation becomes higher. 0304-8853/93/$06.00 © 1993 -Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. All rights reserved Very frequently such a compositional inhomogeneity shows the so-called CP structure [8][9][10][11][12] within the Co-Cr grains. In such layers the compositional fluctuation have been clearly demonstrated by a selective chemical etching method (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR measurements on obliquely evaporated Co-Cr films

Lodder¹,

Kranenburg²,

Takei³

et al. 1993

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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The distribution of the hyperfine fields or the resonance frequencies in metals and alloys obtained by NMR measurements have been known for a long time. Recently, new experimental data have been published about thin films for studying their chemical inhomogeneities. An example is the study on sputtered and evaporated Co-Cr layers. In this paper we report on the compositional distribution of co-evaporated Co-Cr films by using the Co spin-echo NMR technique. For comparison single source evaporated samples of Co-Cr and pure Co as well as two alloyed ribbons ("bulk" samples) have also been measured. Based on the NMR results the local Cr concentration of the ferromagnetic and less ferromagnetic regions are determined. In comparison the data from the co-evaporated films, even at low substrate temperature, have clearly shown the presence of a process-induced compositional separation. This is in qualitative agreement with the magnetic properties of the samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR measurements on obliquely evaporated Co-Cr films

Lodder¹,

Kranenburg²,

Takei³

et al. 1993

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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“…They are perhaps responsible for the contradicting experimental results found in CoCr layers. The regions are probably located at the column boundaries (Danan and Andra 1983), however Maeda and Asahi (1987) propose a dissolution of CO into six radial oriented regions within each column, based on TEM observations and energy dispersive x-ray microanalyses of selectively wet-etched thin CoCr samples. Depending on the Ned temperature(s) of the antiferromagnet(s) they are either paramagnetic at room temperature and unable to pass the exchange force or they are antiferromagnetic and induce a unidirectional anisotropy locally, which depends on the direction of the magnetisation in the neighbouring ferromagnet during film deposition.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exchange anisotropy in CoCr films

Hemmes¹,

Popma²

1988

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Exchange anisotropy was first discovered in oxidised cobalt particles (Co-CoO) by Meiklejohn and Bean. They observed a shift in the hysteresis curve along the field axis, a non-vanishing rotational hysteresis, and a unidirectional component in torque curves, after the sample was cooled in a saturating magnetic field. Later the effect was also found in other ferrwantiferromagnetic systems by Meiklejohn.In this Letter a shift in the hysteresis curve of CoCr films is presented. RF-sputtered CoCr films were cooled in a magnetic field of 17 kOe from room temperature to liquid-nitrogen and helium temperatures. The shift is approximately 100 Oe in the direction opposite to the cooling field. The antiferromagnetic regions that are thought to be concentrated on the column boundaries offer a new opening in the discussion on the reversal mechanism of CoCr films.

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“…A major improvement in the X-ray sources has been to use monochromatized photons. One group reports Ag and C photoelectron lines with half-widths less than 0.8 eV (172). A review of the use of monochromatized X-ray has been given by Siegbahn et al (173).…”

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confidence: 99%

Electron spectroscopy. X-ray and electron excitation

Hercules¹,

Carver²

1974

Anal. Chem.

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The present article is a review of the field of X-ray excited electron spectroscopy for the period 1972-73; it is the second review of this topic in the Analytical Chemistry Fundamental Reviews. The first review (1) covered the literature abstracted beginning with volume 69 of Chemical Abstracts through the December 16, 1971, issue. The present review covers all literature abstracted in Chemical Abstracts starting with the December 23, 1971, issue through the December 10, 1973, issue. The present article also contains a sampling of the literature on applications of Auger Spectroscopy. For the sake of brevity the term ESCA will be used to refer to X-ray excited photoelectron spectroscopy and AES for Auger electron spectroscopy in the present review.

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An ESCA Apparatus with Monochromatized X-Ray Source

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

NMR measurements on obliquely evaporated Co-Cr films

NMR measurements on obliquely evaporated Co-Cr films

Exchange anisotropy in CoCr films

Electron spectroscopy. X-ray and electron excitation

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