An epidemiological survey of age‐related dementia in an urban area of Beijing

Li, G.; Shen, Yucun; Chen, C. H.; Zhao, Yingxin; Li, S. R.; Lu, Mei-Rou

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb10303.x

Cited by 126 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Sete estudos populacionais sobre o assunto, realizados recentemente em países em desenvolvimento, 2,14,19,21,23,26,32 com metodologias adequadas para seus contextos culturais, apresentaram resultados consistentes de prevalências de demência ajustadas por idade inferiores às encontradas nos estudos realizados na Europa, 6 tanto para pessoas com 60 anos ou mais (variação entre os estudos: 1,3% a 5,3%), como para pessoas com 65 anos ou mais (variação entre os estudos: 1,7% a 5,2%). Três destes estudos foram realizados na Índia, 2,23,26 dois na China, 19,32 um na Tailândia 21 e um na Nigéria.…”

Section: Epidemiologia Da Demência Em Países Em Desenvolvimentounclassified

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Investigações epidemiológicas sobre demência nos países em desenvolvimento

et al. 2002

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ResumoNa medida em que a população mundial está envelhecendo, a demência está se constituindo em importante problema de saúde pública, particularmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Investigações epidemiológicas nestes países são escassas e apresentam dificuldades metodológicas adicionais, principalmente no que se refere à adequação sociocultural dos instrumentos utilizados para a definição de casos. Tendo em vista estas preocupações, foi fundado o "Grupo de Pesquisa em Demência 10/66", que é constituído por uma rede internacional de pesquisadores, predominantemente de países em desenvolvimento. O nome do grupo tem como referência o paradoxo de que menos de 10% dos estudos populacionais sobre demência são dirigidos aos 2/3 ou mais de casos de pessoas com demência que vivem em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo do artigo é atualizar informações da literatura sobre as diferenças de prevalência e incidência de demência encontradas em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Abstract As the world population is ageing, dementia becomes an important public health problem, particularly in developing countries. Epidemiological research in these settings is scarce and present additional methodological difficulties, mainly regarding the socio-cultural adequacy of instruments used to identify cases of dementia. As a result of these concerns the 10/66 Dementia Research Group was founded to fill this gap. This is an international network of investigators, mostly from developing countries,and the group's name was based on the paradox that less than 10% of the populationbased studies on dementia are directed to 2/3 or more cases of people with dementia living in developing countries. The aim of the paper is to update data in the literature regarding the differences in dementia prevalence and incidence seen in developed and developing countries.

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Section: Epidemiologia Da Demência Em Países Em Desenvolvimentounclassified

“…Três destes estudos foram realizados na Índia, 2,23,26 dois na China, 19,32 um na Tailândia 21 e um na Nigéria. 14 …”

Section: Epidemiologia Da Demência Em Países Em Desenvolvimentounclassified

Investigações epidemiológicas sobre demência nos países em desenvolvimento

et al. 2002

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“…Unlike most western epidemiological studies of dementia, Chinese studies have one unique feature, namely a high rate of illiteracy in the population studied: ranging from 27 to 73% [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutoff Scores of the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, Chinese Version in Screening of Dementia

Lin

Wang

Liu

et al. 2002

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

133

127

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The purpose of this study of dementia screening was to obtain different cutoff scores of the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, Chinese versions (CASI C-2.0) for subjects with different educational backgrounds. The diagnosis of dementia was based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 3 revised or ed 4 criteria. To diagnose Alzheimer’s disease, the guidelines of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association was followed. The severity of dementia was determined on the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Altogether 2,096 subjects, aged 65 years and more, were included. Of them, 1,178 were normal and 918 were demented. Their performance on CASI C-2.0 was influenced by their education and age. Gender difference on CASI C-2.0 scores was only significant in the illiterate, but not in the literate group. We recommend that the population be divided into three levels, namely those who (1) had no formal education (Edu = 0); (2) received 1–5 years of schooling (Edu = 1–5), and (3) received 6 or more years of education (Edu ≧6). The cutoff scores of CASI C-2.0 in the diagnosis of dementia in these three educational groups were as follows: Edu = 0: 49/50 (sensitivity = 0.83; specificity = 0.85); Edu = 1–5: 67/68 (sensitivity = 0.83; specificity = 0.91), and Edu ≧6: 79/80 (sensitivity = 0.89; specificity = 0.90).

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“…The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a screening test for dementia that has been successfully used in a number of different cultural and ethnic subgroups (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Since its development in 1975, the MMSE has also been validated against more comprehensive measures of cognitive assessment (21,22) and several physiologic measures (23)(24)(25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Variables Associated with Cognitive Function in Elderly California Seventh day Adventists

Fraser

Singh

Bennett

1996

American Journal of Epidemiology

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From a cohort of white, non-Hispanic California Seventh-day Adventists, 99 subjects over age 75 years in 1991 were randomly selected. Dietary habits and educational status had been measured in 1976. Subjects completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in 1991, and at that time, they or caregivers also gave information on current medical problems and drug therapy. Those who ate more calories in 1976 had lower MMSE scores in 1991 (p = 0.03), an association strengthened by excluding those with previous stroke or Parkinson's disease by 1991. This raises the possibility that higher consumption of calories in middle age may accelerate the decline in cognitive function seen with aging, as apparently occurs in some animals. Less-educated subjects had lower MMSE scores, especially among the very elderly. The statistical model predicts that the negative association between use of psychotropic drugs and MMSE score (p = 0.004) is particularly potent in those cognitively impaired for other reasons. If causal, this suggests that physicians should use these agents very cautiously in such subjects.Keywords caloric intake; dementia; education; psychotropic drugs; Seventh-day Adventists In different cross-sectional studies, the reported prevalence of dementia ranges from 10 to 50 percent in elderly subjects over age 85 years (1). The increasing number of elderly in both the United States and developing nations over the last 2 decades will undoubtedly further increase the social burden of dementia in the future. While age and family history of a dementing illness are the only unequivocally identified risk factors, the wide international variation in the rates of dementia suggests a possible etiologic role for environmental factors as well (1, 2). Previous studies of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias have identified associations with education, smoking, alcohol use, head trauma, meat consumption, aluminum, comorbid psychiatric disorders, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism (2-7). However, these factors need further confirmation as etiologic agents. A higher prevalence of vascular dementia has been observed in populations with a high prevalence of risk factors for vascular disease (8-11). The identification of modifiable risk factors may allow not only the reduction of excess morbidity due to the dementia itself but also the reduction of other problems associated with dementia such as decreased functional capacity (12, 13) and adverse drug effects (14).

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An epidemiological survey of age‐related dementia in an urban area of Beijing

Cited by 126 publications

References 11 publications

Investigações epidemiológicas sobre demência nos países em desenvolvimento

Investigações epidemiológicas sobre demência nos países em desenvolvimento

Cutoff Scores of the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, Chinese Version in Screening of Dementia

Variables Associated with Cognitive Function in Elderly California Seventh day Adventists

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