An epidemiological study of animal bite cases in a tertiary care center of Bhopal city: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Antarctica. [3] Its global distribution has changed little since 2011, with more than 90% of rabies deaths occurring in Africa and Asia. [4] It causes more than 59,000 fatalities per year worldwide. [5] It is estimated that the South East Asia Region accounts for approximately 45% of human deaths due to rabies in the world. [6] The situation is especially pronounced in India, which reports about 18,000 to 20,000 cases of rabies a year and about 36% of the world's deaths from the disease, with 17.4 million exposures to animal bite every year. [6-8] Thus, the burden of the disease in India comes around 2/lakh population and is substantial. [2] The figures might be even higher as the disease is neither reported nor notified. [7] Rabies is reported throughout the year from all states of India except Lakshadweep and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. [9] It is estimated that in the absence of the post-exposure prophylaxis about 327,000 people would die from rabies every year just in Asia and Africa. [2] Majority of the people who die of rabies are poor or belong to low socioeconomic status. [7] The Indian Background: Rabies is 100% fatal, 100% vaccine preventable disease, yet continues to kill. There are no global estimates of dog bite incidence; however, studies suggest that dog bites account for tens of millions of injuries annually. Tens of thousands of people die from rabies each year; one person dies every 10 min, with the greatest burden in Asia and Africa. Rabies is the 10th biggest cause of death due to infectious diseases worldwide, and it causes more than 59,000 fatalities per year worldwide. Objective: To determine the profile of animal bite cases attending the Anti-rabies Clinic of Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out at Anti-rabies Clinic of Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal. The study was carried out by interviewing 1200 cases of animal bite for a period of 1 year. Result: A total of 1200 cases of animal bites were interviewed and examined in the present study. Most commonly (34.58%) affected age group was <15 years. Males were more (74.5%) affected as compared to females. Dogs were the main (92%) biting animals and protection of pet dogs (29.22%) with vaccination was low (24.4%). Lower limbs were the site of bite in 68.6%. 71.5% cases were of category III as per the WHO classification. Conclusions: High number of injuries due to dogs who are freely roaming, indicating the need of legislative measure which includes an effort to remove stray dogs and encourage owners to properly vaccinate their dogs, should be implemented.

Epidemiological study on animal bite cases referred to Haji Daii health Center in Kermanshah province, Iran during 2013–2017

“…In the current study, the prevalence of animal bites in urban/rural residency increased significantly over the study time period, which was 1.07 higher in urban areas than rural areas. This finding is consistent with the results of the Patel et al studies in India and Iran, respectively [27,28]. However, in some studies, the higher prevalence of animal bite cases were observed in rural areas [11,23,29].…”

“…Based on the results, dogs were the most common cause for animal bite, which is similar to other studies [3,11,23,27,31,34,35]. The high prevalence of animal bite by dogs can be associated with the large number of tribes living in Kermanshah as well as the presence of stray dogs through the city.…”

“…This finding is in line with the results of Shuzhen et al (2018) study in Shenzhen and Shantou cities in China and also Zohrevandi et al (2012) in Guilan, Northern Iran [23,33]. However, some studies reported lower extremities as the most common affected site [8,26,27,30,34]. During an animal attack, both upper and lower extremities may be affected, which may be related to the position of the victim during the animal attack.…”

“…The prevalence of animal bites in the age groups of 30-39 and 40-49 was 1.2 and 1.13 times higher than that in the age group of 1-19, respectively. In most studies, the age group of younger than 40 years is the most common group that gets bitten by animals [3,6,11,27,[30][31][32]. Those who are in the age range of 30-49 years are more active and adventurous, so animals can be stimulated to attack.…”

Compliance of anti-rabies vaccine among dog bite victims in an urban slum of Chennai: a cross sectional study

“…In our study category II dog bite were higher. 3 Contrary to this finding category III cases reported were 89.4% by Trivedi et al and 71.50% by Patel et al 10,11 In this study, the most common place of dog bite was in the streets (33.6%) and 42.9% the bite happened at night time. This may be due to inadequate illumination.…”