An Epidemiologic Study of Bronchial Asthma and Smoking

Flodin, Ulf; Jonsson, Pia Maria; Ziegler, Julie T.; Axelson, Olav

doi:10.1097/00001648-199509000-00007

Cited by 110 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Smoking was no risk indicator in this study, which is in conflict with results from our first material (Flodin et al 1996;Flodin et al 1995). This might be due to the public awareness in Sweden about the adverse health effects from smoking, meaning that subjects getting symptoms from their airways give up smoking within a short period and, thus never have a career as a smoker.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Non-sensitising air pollution at workplaces and adult-onset asthma in the beginning of this millennium

Graff¹,

Fredrikson²,

Jonsson³

et al. 2011

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Non-sensitising air pollution at workplaces and adult onset asthma -2- AbstractPurpose This case-control study was undertaken to elucidate the controversy concerning whether low level, long-term exposure to non-sensitising air pollution at workplaces may cause asthma.Methods A case-control study of 192 adult onset asthma cases aged 20 -65 years and 323 controls was conducted in the southeast of Sweden. Cases were identified from computerised registers from the region, diagnosed 2000-2004 and diagnoses were confirmed via medical files. Referents were randomised from the population register of the region. Exposure was monitored by a 16-page questionnaire. Special attention was devoted to identifying and in the final analyses excluding subjects exposed to sensitising agents.Results Three years or more of occupational exposure to air pollution from dust, smoke, fumes or vapours before the year of diagnosis by analyses adjusting for age yielded an increased risk for asthma (OR =2.3, 95 % CI 1.2-4.2) in males, while in females no risk was seen. In a multiple logistic regression analysis in males without allergy in childhood, a significant risk was seen (OR=2.8, 95 % CI 1.07 -7.4), when subjects exposed to identified allergens were excluded. In females no excess risk was observed from occupational air pollution. ConclusionThe results of this study support an association between occupational exposure to low level non-sensitising air pollution and adult onset asthma in males.Non-sensitising air pollution at workplaces and adult onset asthma -3-

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Non-sensitising air pollution at workplaces and adult-onset asthma in the beginning of this millennium

Graff¹,

Fredrikson²,

Jonsson³

et al. 2011

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…In a case/control study in Sweden on 79 cases and 304 controls, asthma was significantly related to exsmoking with an OR of~3 [5]. Cross-sectional data from the large cohort study in Finland [22] showed some nonsignificant association of asthma with exsmoking in males (OR 1.69), but none in females (OR 1.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is recognized that maternal smoking is a risk factor for asthma in children [2] and that smoking increases the incidence of asthma in subjects exposed to some occupational agents [3]. However, there is conflicting evidence as to whether active smoking in general may be a risk factor for asthma, although there are more studies showing no association [4] than studies supporting that hypothesis [5]. The association between smoking and asthma is difficult to understand due to potential biases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships of active smoking to asthma and asthma severity in the EGEA study

Siroux¹,

Pin²,

Oryszczyn³

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

345

210

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The role of smoking as potential risk factor, selection factor (“healthy smoker” effect) and modifying factor (severity) of asthma was studied in the Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy (EGEA). The analysis involved 200 adult asthmatic cases recruited in chest clinics, 265 nonasthmatic controls and 586 relatives of asthmatics (147 with asthma). Asthma in childhood was not associated with a reduced take‐up of smoking (odds ratio (OR)=1.06 in males and 0.98 in females), but smoker asthmatic cases quit more often than controls (OR = 2.20 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.11‐4.34) in males and 2.76 (1.19–6.42) in females). Adult onset asthma was unrelated to ever smoking (OR 1.07 in males and 1.02 in females). In asthmatic cases, active smoking was associated with asthma severity. Current smokers, compared to never and exsmokers, had more asthma symptoms, more frequent (≥1 attack·day‐1) asthma attacks (OR 2.39 (95% CI 1.06–5.36)) and higher asthma severity scores. No clear pattern regarding the relationships of smoking habits with asthma was observed in first degree relatives. It is concluded that active smoking is not a risk factor for asthma in adulthood, but that smoking increases asthma severity.

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“…Several studies have shown smoking at any time or exsmoking status to be associated with asthma [9,31]. Some incidence studies among teenagers or young adults [3,32] and adults [6,10] have shown current smoking to be related to incident asthma, whereas others have not [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such studies may determine either cause, consequence or both. Incidence studies have mostly focused on occupational asthma [8] or smoking habits [6,9,10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity increases the risk of incident asthma among adults

Rönmark

Andersson²,

Nyström³

et al. 2005

European Respiratory Journal

202

164

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The annual incidence of asthma in adults in northern Sweden has been estimated at 2.3 per thousand population. Risk factors for incident asthma among adults were studied in a case-referent study based on incident cases of asthma during 1995-1999.The healthcare providers reported suspected cases of incident asthma. After clinical examination, 309 (65% female) of 473 reported subjects were included. Inclusion criteria were a history of incident asthma (onset ,12 months) and verified bronchial variability. Referents were randomly selected and stratified by age, sex and area of residence.The significant risk factors were hay fever, a family history of asthma, ex-smoking status and elevated body mass index (25.0-29.9 and o30). The risk factor pattern was similar for females and males, and increased body mass index was a significant risk factor for both males and females, as well as for allergic and nonallergic subjects.In conclusion, in addition to hay fever, a family history of asthma, allergic sensitisation and exsmoking status, increased body mass index was a significant risk factor for incident asthma independent of sex and allergic status.

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An Epidemiologic Study of Bronchial Asthma and Smoking

Cited by 110 publications

References 9 publications

Non-sensitising air pollution at workplaces and adult-onset asthma in the beginning of this millennium

Non-sensitising air pollution at workplaces and adult-onset asthma in the beginning of this millennium

Relationships of active smoking to asthma and asthma severity in the EGEA study

Obesity increases the risk of incident asthma among adults

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