An Epidemic of Yellow Fever in Central Brazil, 1972–1973

Pinheiro, F. P.; Moraes, Mário Augusto Pinto de; Rosa, A.P.A. Travassos da

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.204

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…capricornii and Hg. leucocelaenus are known to be potential arbovirus vectors and on several occasions adults were observed invading open areas with plantations, and even villages or houses close to the forest (Pinheiro et al 36 , 1981; Méndez et al 27 , 1984). This behaviour must be considered together with the possibility of viruses penetrating into these residual forests by means of the migration of vertebrate reservoirs, which may result in virus transmission to man when he enters that environment or lives close to it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biting activity of Aedes scapularis (Rondani) and Haemagogus mosquitoes in Southern Brazil (Diptera: Culicidae)

Forattini

Gomes

1988

Rev. Saúde Pública

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activity of Aedes scapularis (Rondani) and Haemagogus mosquitoes in Southern Brazil (Diptera: Culicidae). Rev. Saúde públ., S. Paulo, 22:84-93, 1988. ABSTRACT:The biting activity of a population of Aedes scapularis (Rondani), Haemagogus capricornii Lutz and Hg. leucocelaenus (Dyar and Shannon) in Southern Brazil was studied between March 1980 and April 1983. Data were obtained with 25-hour human bait catches in three areas with patchy residual forests, named "Jacaré-Pepira", "Lupo" Farm, and "Sta. Helena" Farm, in the highland region of S. Paulo State (Brazil). Data obtained on Ae. scapularis were compared with those formerly gathered in the "Ribeira'' Valley lowlands, and were similar, except in the "Lupo" Farm study area, where a precrepuscular peak was observed, not recorded at the "Jacaré-Pepira" site or in the "Ribeira" Valley. In all the areas this mosquito showed diurnal and nocturnal activity, but was most active during the evening crepuscular period. These observations support the hypothesis about the successful adaptation of Ae. scapularis to man-made environments and have epidemiological implications that arise from it. As for Haemagogus, results obtained on the "Lupo" and "Sta. Helena" regions agree with previous data obtained in several other regions and show its diurnal activity. The proximity of "Lupo" Farm, where Hg. capricornii and Hg. leucocelaenus showed considerable activity, to "Araraquara" city where Aedes aegypti was recently found, raises some epidemiological considerations about the possibility of urban yellow fever resurgence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biting activity of Aedes scapularis (Rondani) and Haemagogus mosquitoes in Southern Brazil (Diptera: Culicidae)

Forattini

Gomes

1988

Rev. Saúde Pública

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“…Na hepatite fulminante, a desorganização da arquitetura hepática com destruição das traves de Remack torna-se evidente. Por vezes, entretanto, quando a necrose na febre amarela mostra-se muito extensa o diagnóstico histopatológico fica muito difícil 41 . Dentro da área necrosada observam-se discreto infiltrado inflamatório com predomínio de células mononucleares, restos celulares, e vários tipos e graus de lesões degenerativas.…”

Section: Patogeniaunclassified

Febre amarela

Vasconcelos

2003

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

220

162

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Resumo A febre amarela é doenca infecciosa não-contagiosa causada por um arbovírus mantido em ciclos silvestres em que macacos atuam como hospedeiros amplificadores e mosquitos dos gêneros Aedes na África, e Haemagogus e Sabethes na América, são os transmissores. Cerca de 90% dos casos da doença apresentam-se com formas clínicas benignas que evoluem para a cura, enquanto 10% desenvolvem quadros dramáticos com mortalidade em torno de 50%. O problema mostra-se mais grave em África onde ainda há casos urbanos. Nas Américas, no período de 1970-2001, descreveram- Abstract Yellow fever is an infectious and non-contagious disease caused by an arbovirus, the yellow fever virus. The agent is maintained in jungle cycles among primates as vertebrate hosts and mosquitoes, especially Aedes in Africa, and Haemagogus and Sabethes in America. Approximately 90% of the infections are mild or asymptomatic, while 10% course to a severe clinical picture with 50% case-fatality rate. Yellow fever is largely distributed in Africa where urban epidemics are still reported. In South America, between 1970-2001, 4,543 cases were reported, mostly from Peru (51.5%), Bolivia (20.1%) and Brazil (18.7%). The disease is diagnosed by serology (detection of IgM), virus isolation, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Yellow fever is a zoonosis and cannot be eradicated, but it is preventable in man by using the 17D vaccine. A single dose is enough to protect an individual for at least 10 years, after which revaccination is recommended. In this paper, the main concepts about yellow fever as well as the fatal adverse effects of the vaccine are updated. Key-words: Yellow fever. Jaundice. Vaccine. Aedes. Hepatitis. A febre amarela é uma doença infecciosa não contagiosa que se mantém endêmica ou enzoótica nas florestas tropicais da América e África causando periodicamente surtos isolados ou epidemias de maior ou menor impacto em saúde pública, sendo transmitida ao homem mediante a picada de insetos hematófagos da família Culicidae, em especial dos gêneros Aedes e Haemagogus 31 52 . Em África, também tem sido registrado o isolamento viral a partir de carrapatos Amblyoma variegatum, em áreas secas, o que pode indicar o papel secundário desses insetos na cadeia de transmissão da virose em que se demonstrou transmissão transovariana e para macacos 67 . Insere-se o vírus da febre amarela no grupo dos arbovírus (do inglês arthropod borne virus) e ele apresenta-se em sua forma clássica com febre hemorrágica de elevada letalidade. A febre amarela constitui a febre hemorrágica viral original, a primeira descrita no mundo, a que mais temor provoca na sociedade moderna 31 52 . Sob o ponto de vista epidemiológico divide-se a febre amarela em duas formas, rural e urbana que diferem

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“…Most of the people interviewed were residing in that region for more than 10 years, showing stability in the place of residence, in addition to the proximity to woodlands and to primitive primates, which are important factors in the sylvatic cycle of yellow fever transmission 17 . Thus, no significant change from the time of the epidemic in 1972/73 was observed in age, migratory as well as occupational characteristics of the population living in the study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rural communities in Luziânia had the highest number of yellow fever cases during the epidemic in 1972/73 4 . Since then, the disease has been considered of great sanitary importance to the region and these communities have been included in several vaccination campaigns.…”

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confidence: 99%

Serologic assessment of yellow fever immunity in the rural population of a yellow fever-endemic area in Central Brazil

Machado

Vasconcelos

Silva

et al. 2013

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:The yellow fever epidemic that occurred in 1972/73 in Central Brazil surprised the majority of the population unprotected. A clinical-epidemiological survey conducted at that time in the rural area of 19 municipalities found that the highest (13.8%) number of disease cases were present in the municipality of Luziânia, State of Goiás. Methods: Thirty-eight years later, a new seroepidemiological survey was conducted with the aim of assessing the degree of immune protection of the rural population of Luziânia, following the continuous attempts of public health services to obtain vaccination coverage in the region. A total of 383 volunteers, aged between 5 and 89 years and with predominant rural labor activities (75.5%), were interviewed. The presence of antibodies against the yellow fever was also investigated in these individuals, by using plaque reduction neutralization test, and correlated to information regarding residency, occupation, epidemiological data and immunity against the yellow fever virus. Results: We found a high (97.6%) frequency of protective titers (>1:10) of neutralizing antibodies against the yellow fever virus; the frequency of titers of 1:640 or higher was 23.2%, indicating wide immune protection against the disease in the study population. The presence of protective immunity was correlated to increasing age. Conclusions: This study reinforces the importance of surveys to address the immune state of a population at risk for yellow fever infection and to the surveillance of actions to control the disease in endemic areas.

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An Epidemic of Yellow Fever in Central Brazil, 1972–1973

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Biting activity of Aedes scapularis (Rondani) and Haemagogus mosquitoes in Southern Brazil (Diptera: Culicidae)

Biting activity of Aedes scapularis (Rondani) and Haemagogus mosquitoes in Southern Brazil (Diptera: Culicidae)

Febre amarela

Serologic assessment of yellow fever immunity in the rural population of a yellow fever-endemic area in Central Brazil

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