An epidemic of rotavirus diarrhoea in Jawhar Taluk, Thane district, Maharashtra, India, December 2000–January 2001

Kelkar, Shobhana D.; Ray, Pratibha G.; Shinde, Dhanashree

doi:10.1017/s0950268803001912

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, only a single viral agent associated gastroenteritis outbreaks have been reported from India [24,35,36,37]. Most of these outbreaks except a few remained to be characterized for the genotypic specificities of causative viral pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the occurrence of more than one enteric virus in gastroenteritis outbreaks has been reported from many countries [ 33 , 34 ]. However, only a single viral agent associated gastroenteritis outbreaks have been reported from India [ 24 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Most of these outbreaks except a few remained to be characterized for the genotypic specificities of causative viral pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity in the Enteric Viruses Detected in Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis from Mumbai, Western India

Chitambar

Gopalkrishna

Chhabra

et al. 2012

IJERPH

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Faecal specimens collected from two outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis that occurred in southern Mumbai, India in March and October, 2006 were tested for seven different enteric viruses. Among the 218 specimens tested, 95 (43.6%) were positive, 73 (76.8%) for a single virus and 22 (23.2%) for multiple viruses. Single viral infections in both, March and October showed predominance of enterovirus (EV, 33.3% and 40%) and rotavirus A (RVA, 33.3% and 25%). The other viruses detected in these months were norovirus (NoV, 12.1% and 10%), rotavirus B (RVB, 12.1% and 10%), enteric adenovirus (AdV, 6.1% and 7.5%), Aichivirus (AiV, 3% and 7.5%) and human astrovirus (HAstV, 3% and 0%). Mixed viral infections were largely represented by two viruses (84.6% and 88.9%), a small proportion showed presence of three (7.7% and 11%) and four (7.7% and 0%) viruses in the two outbreaks. Genotyping of the viruses revealed predominance of RVA G2P[4], RVB G2 (Indian Bangladeshi lineage), NoV GII.4, AdV-40, HAstV-8 and AiV B types. VP1/2A junction region based genotyping showed presence of 11 different serotypes of EVs. Although no virus was detected in the tested water samples, examination of both water and sewage pipelines in gastroenteritis affected localities indicated leakages and possibility of contamination of drinking water with sewage water. Coexistence of multiple enteric viruses during the two outbreaks of gastroenteritis emphasizes the need to expand such investigations to other parts of India.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in the Enteric Viruses Detected in Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis from Mumbai, Western India

Chitambar

Gopalkrishna

Chhabra

et al. 2012

IJERPH

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Unexpected detection of simian SA11—human reassortant strains of rotavirus G3P[8] genotype from diarrhea epidemic among tribal children of Western India

Awachat

Kelkar

2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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This investigation is in continuation with the earlier studies on diarrhea epidemic due to rotavirus, that occurred at Jawhar western India, among tribal children during Dec 2000-Jan 2001 published by National Institute of Virology, Pune. Three rotavirus strains were isolated in cell culture from fecal specimens of affected children. Monoclonal antibody ELISA and RT-PCR typed the isolates as G3P [8]. Two isolates agglutinated guinea pig erythrocytes thereby indicating their animal origin. Antiserum against simian G3, SA11 neutralized both the isolates largely than antiserum against human G3 (YO). Nucleotide sequencing of VP7 gene, nested PCR product of three isolates, and two original fecal specimens showed 100% identity with both simian G3, SA11 prototype and ROSVP7, SA11 strains whereas, lower identity (82%) with human G3 (YO) strain. Partial sequence analysis of the VP4 gene of fecal specimen FS-006964 & isolate I-006964 showed 99% identity with G1P[8] strain, while 80% identity with simian G3P[2], SA11 strain. Thus, the strains appeared to be reassortants between human and simian origin. Serological studies further supported the identity of the causative agent as simian G3, SA11 like strains. Neutralizing antibody titers at very low level against simian G3, SA11 as well as human G3 (YO) strains among the population at Jawhar suggested an overall lack of immunity against the virus. Seroconversion against simian G3, SA11 was shown by six out of seven child patients. Thus, simian G3, SA11 like strains are claimed for the first time as etiological agents of diarrhea in humans.

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Dual infection due to simian G3—human reassortant and human G9 strains of rotavirus in a child and subsequent spread of serotype G9, leading to diarrhea among grandparents

Awachat

Kelkar

2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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Cultivation of rotavirus from day 1 and 3 fecal specimens of a child yielded simian SA11-human reassortant, G3P [8] and AU32 like G9P [8] rotavirus strains, respectively. Diarrhea developed in the grandfather by sheer hospital visits, and in the grandmother, after wiping the vomit of the grandfather. AU32 like G9 strains were isolated from the grandparents also. Rotavirus specific IgM developed in all the three patients. A fourfold rise in G9 neutralizing antibodies was observed in the child and grandmother. The child's mother had asymptomatic rotavirus infection. The study highlights the potential of G9 serotype to spread from children to adults. J. Med. Virol. 78:134-138, 2006. ß 2005 KEY WORDS: rotavirus; adult diarrhea; simian G3 SA11-human reassortant; G9 serotype; dual infection Group A rotavirus is known as the major cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in infants. More than 90% of children get rotavirus infection by 3 years of age. Generally, group A rotavirus is a common cause of pediatric diarrhea but less common among adults, who appear to undergo rotavirus infections mostly with minimal or no clinical manifestations [Kapikian et al., 2001]. On the contrary, group B rotavirus was involved in epidemics of severe gastroenteritis in China, which led to large outbreaks mainly among adults although children were also affected.Studies in the late 1970s and 1980s showed the presence of symptomatic rotavirus infections in adults, particularly in the elderly [Wenman et al., 1979;Cubitt and Holzel, 1980;Marrie et al., 1982;Hrdy, 1987]. Group A rotavirus has also been documented as the cause of adult diarrhea outbreaks in hospitals, nursing homes, travelers, geriatric wards, isolated communities, and families including children and adults participating in playgroup [Bishop, 1994;Kapikian et al., 2001]. In a 4 year study between 1996 and 1999 carried out both on hospitalized and out patients in Japan, group A rotavirus was detected in 97(14%) of 683 adult patients with diarrhea suggesting the importance of this disease in adults may be highly underestimated [Nakajima et al., 2001]. It has been reported that, as children can be infected by rotavirus through older siblings or adults in contact, at times parents may also be infected from children undergoing rotavirus diarrhea due to group A rotavirus [Kapikian et al., 2001].Rotavirus serotypes involved in few outbreaks have been identified in the recent studies. G1 serotype was the etiological agent in an outbreak which lasted for 3 weeks that occurred in a psychiatric nursing home for adults in Hungary [Banyai et al., 2002]. Between November 1998 and December 2000, three/263 gastroenteritis outbreaks among adults in United States were associated with rotavirus serotype G2 [Griffin et al., 2002]. Similarly, the etiological agent responsible for two gastroenteritis outbreaks among children and adults in Japan was serotype G2 [National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 2000a,b]. Rotaviruses were detected in seven gastroenteritis outbreaks, in aged care facilities i...

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An epidemic of rotavirus diarrhoea in Jawhar Taluk, Thane district, Maharashtra, India, December 2000–January 2001

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Diversity in the Enteric Viruses Detected in Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis from Mumbai, Western India

Diversity in the Enteric Viruses Detected in Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis from Mumbai, Western India

Unexpected detection of simian SA11—human reassortant strains of rotavirus G3P[8] genotype from diarrhea epidemic among tribal children of Western India

Dual infection due to simian G3—human reassortant and human G9 strains of rotavirus in a child and subsequent spread of serotype G9, leading to diarrhea among grandparents

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