The active site residue, His 15 , in histidine-containing protein, HPr, can be replaced by aspartate and still act as a phosphoacceptor and phosphodonor with enzyme I and enzyme IIA glucose , respectively. Other substitutions, including cysteine, glutamate, serine, threonine, and tyrosine, failed to show any activity. Enzyme I K m for His 15 3 Asp HPr is increased 10-fold and V max is decreased 1000-fold compared with wild type HPr. The phosphorylation of Asp 15 led to a spontaneous internal rearrangement involving the loss of the phosphoryl group and a water molecule, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The protein species formed had a higher pI than His 15 3 Asp HPr, which could arise from the formation of a succinimide or an isoimide. Hydrolysis of the isolated high pI form gave only aspartic acid at residue 15, and no isoaspartic acid was detected. This indicates that an isoimide rather than a succinimide is formed. In the absence of phosphorylation, no formation of the high pI form could be found, indicating that phosphorylation catalyzed the formation of the cyclization.