An Enhanced Full-Duplex MAC Protocol for an Underwater Acoustic Network

Songzou, Liu; Iqbal, Basit; Khan, Imran; Li, Hui; Qiao, Gang

doi:10.1109/ibcast51254.2021.9393236

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The E-FD-MAC, which is based on handshaking, allows the FD channel to exchange data packets simultaneously in the shortest amount of possible time. This protocol allows the source and destination to exchange data using sensed information without being affected by accidental collisions, resulting in significantly higher throughput and shorter propagation delays [38]. Random access MAC protocols are designed to send and receive data between multiple nodes in a random fashion without any control or HS mechanism.…”

Section: Motivations and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• E-FD-MAC. An enhanced E-FD-MAC protocol is proposed in [38], that allows the FD channel to simultaneously exchange data packets in a minimum possible time, as shown in Figure 6. This protocol allows the source and destination to exchange data using sensed information without being affected by unexpected collisions, which greatly increases throughput and reduces propagation delays.…”

Section: Hand-shaking (Hs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the IBFD communication method has been implemented to remove the self-loop and SI in FD communication, thereby improving throughputs gain. The E-FD-MAC [38] protocol is tested on a single hop network that uses Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS) and back-off timer-based communication capabilities to minimize unexpected delays and speed up data transmission. The E-FD-MAC [38] achieves a high throughput curve as the number of UW sensor nodes grows in size using this method.…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Of Mac Layer-based Uwac Full-duplex Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The E-FD-MAC [38] protocol is tested on a single hop network that uses Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS) and back-off timer-based communication capabilities to minimize unexpected delays and speed up data transmission. The E-FD-MAC [38] achieves a high throughput curve as the number of UW sensor nodes grows in size using this method. FD-fixed time stamp hand-shake and time-stamp based dispute resolution are two revolutionary strategies used in random access based FDCP-MAC [39] to improve the protocol's throughput and reliability.…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Of Mac Layer-based Uwac Full-duplex Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The end-to-end delay between the UW nodes of the TFH-MAC protocol [69] increases drastically as the network load increases. The control and data packets in the E-FD-MAC [38] protocol are ID-based, which automatically prevents unexpected collisions and improves delay performance, while in the FDCP-MAC protocol [39], time stamp-based dispute resolution reduces the collision rate by a factor of 3 to 4.…”

Section: Delay Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Full Duplex Physical and MAC Layer-Based Underwater Wireless Communication Systems and Protocols: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

Liu

Iqbal

Khan

et al. 2021

JMSE

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Underwater wireless communication has gained a great deal of attention in the last couple of decades because of its applications in the military, industrial, and monitoring sectors. Despite the extreme physical and MAC layer difficulties, acoustics are used for various applications among the various modes of underwater communication technologies used. While significant research efforts have been made to address these issues, the bottleneck remains in achieving high bandwidth, high throughputs, and data rate. Researchers have begun to look into full duplex (FD) implementation to improve bandwidth efficiency and increase data rate and throughput. Users can send and receive data simultaneously over the FD links, maximizing bandwidth utilization and increasing throughput. As a result, we thoroughly reviewed various FD physical layered UWAC systems and MAC layered protocols for underwater communication. The various problems that the aforementioned systems and protocols have faced, as well as the solutions suggested in previous works to solve each problem, are also highlighted. Various metrics are used to compare the performance of various physical layered FD systems and FD MAC protocols. We also explore some of the open research questions in these FD-physical layered and MAC layered protocols, as well as future research directions. Based on ample information, we suggest a cross-layered architecture based on various IBFD-SI cancellations, DA-CSMA, and FD-MAC protocols. This review provides a broad view of the current FD physical and MAC layered protocols based on acoustic communication, as well as recommendations.

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Section: Motivations and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hand-shaking (Hs)mentioning

confidence: 99%