“…Decrease in the friction factor is related to sublayer thickness. When the Reynolds number is increased, the thickness of sublayer decreases and it resulted in lower friction factor results [22]. A friction factor correlation for the microfin tube is developed by using experimental data and graphical program.…”
Section: Experimental Data Validationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The results show that the microfin tube equipped with dual twisted-tapes consistently gave superior thermal performance factor to the one equipped with a single twisted-tape as well as the microfin tube alone at similar operating conditions. Akhavan-Behabadi et al [22] carried out an experimental investigation on the heat transfer oil-copper oxide nanofluid flow in horizontal smooth and microfin tubes. Oil and nanofluid with the…”
“…Decrease in the friction factor is related to sublayer thickness. When the Reynolds number is increased, the thickness of sublayer decreases and it resulted in lower friction factor results [22]. A friction factor correlation for the microfin tube is developed by using experimental data and graphical program.…”
Section: Experimental Data Validationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The results show that the microfin tube equipped with dual twisted-tapes consistently gave superior thermal performance factor to the one equipped with a single twisted-tape as well as the microfin tube alone at similar operating conditions. Akhavan-Behabadi et al [22] carried out an experimental investigation on the heat transfer oil-copper oxide nanofluid flow in horizontal smooth and microfin tubes. Oil and nanofluid with the…”
“…Among various nanomaterials with high surface area [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], graphene is probably the most suitable carbon based nanomaterial to increase TC of HTF due to its low thermal interface resistance associated with their 2-D planar structure [19]. The viscosity of graphene based suspension decreased at relatively high loading, whereas a monotonic increase was observed for suspensions with all the other carbon additives.…”
Graphene oxide-loaded shortening (GOS), an environmentally friendly heat transfer fluid with high thermal conductivity, was successfully prepared by mixing graphene oxide (GO) with a shortening. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that GO particles, prepared by the modified Hummer?s method, dispersed well in the shortening. In addition, the latent heat of GOS decreased while their viscosity and thermal conductivity increased with increasing the amount of loaded GO. The thermal conductivity of the GOS with 4% GO was higher than that of pure shortening of ca. three times, from 0.1751 to 0.6022 W/mK, and increased with increasing temperature. The GOS started to be degraded at ca. 360?C. After being heated and cooled at 100?C for 100 cycles, its viscosity slightly decreased and no chemical degradation was observed. Therefore, the prepared GOS is potentially used as environmentally friendly heat transfer fluid at high temperature.
“…They suggest that not only the particle shape but also its size is considered to be dominant in enhancing the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Behabadi et al [4] conducted experimental investigation on the effect of using copper oxide nanoparticles on the thermalrheological properties of the heat transfer oil. Thermal conductivity of the nanofluid increases linearly with the nanoparticles concentration.…”
In the presented work, thermal conductivity of CuO and its viscosity at three different weight concentrations were investigated. A two-steps method was deployed in order to sonicate successfully CuO nanolubricants samples at three different weight concentrations (0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt%, & 1 wt%). The measurements of thermal conductivity were carried out with a lab-made measurement set, which is based on a 3ω method. The obtained enhancements were 1%, 1.7% and 2.8% for 0.2 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, and 1 wt.%, respectively. Viscosity was also investigated under different temperatures and it was obtained that adding CuO to the mineral oil had a slight effect on its viscosity at lower concentrations. However, the maximum increment at lower temperature for the higher concentration was 13.1%. Based on the enhancement in thermal conductivity and the low increment in viscosity, CuO nanolubricant can be recommended for enhancing the heat transfer characteristic of the refrigeration compressor
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