An Empirical Study of the Traditional Mach Card Effect

Bloj, Marina; Hurlbert, Anya

doi:10.1068/p01sp

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…The visual system can only partially discount these factors to achieve lightness constancy, for example through the use of stereo cues (8,42,43) or relatively simple heuristics for interpreting luminance changes (10,44). In our case, objects were uniformly colored and not occluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal sampling of visual information for lightness judgments

Toscani

Valsecchi

Gegenfurtner

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The variable resolution and limited processing capacity of the human visual system requires us to sample the world with eye movements and attentive processes. Here we show that where observers look can strongly modulate their reports of simple surface attributes, such as lightness. When observers matched the color of natural objects they based their judgments on the brightest parts of the objects; at the same time, they tended to fixate points with above-average luminance. When we forced participants to fixate a specific point on the object using a gaze-contingent display setup, the matched lightness was higher when observers fixated bright regions. This finding indicates a causal link between the luminance of the fixated region and the lightness match for the whole object. Simulations with rendered physical lighting show that higher values in an object's luminance distribution are particularly informative about reflectance. This sampling strategy is an efficient and simple heuristic for the visual system to achieve accurate and invariant judgments of lightness.lightness constancy | lightness perception | visual perception | attention J udging the lightness of visual stimuli has been studied for centuries, since the original investigations by Weber (1) and Fechner (2). The light reaching the eye is the product of the illumination and the reflectance of the object, and also depends on the scene geometry (3). However, only the proportion of reflected light is an invariant property of the object and thus of great importance for vision. There are several well-established factors that support lightness constancy in the face of these challenges. On the one hand, lateral inhibition between retinal neurons filters out shallow intensity gradients, which are mostly caused by illumination effects (4, 5). On the other hand, more complex factors also have an effect on lightness perception, such as object shape (6-9) or the interpretation of transparent surfaces (10, 11). However, eye movements have been almost completely neglected so far, even though a general influence of viewing behavior has been shown for some color constancy tasks (12)(13)(14)(15). This finding is surprising because the visual system needs to sample the local properties of objects and this is accomplished by moving the eyes and the focus of spatial attention around. Because visual acuity, luminance sensitivity, contrast sensitivity, and color sensitivity change with retinal eccentricity (16-18), our visual system has to stitch together its representation of the world from many small samples to analyze the visual scene in detail. Peripheral vision is not only characterized by poor resolution, but also the appearance of basic visual features-like spatial frequency, luminance, or chromatic saturation-is distorted in the periphery of the visual field (19-22). Eye movements may then be used to select relevant information, even for stimuli that are above threshold in peripheral vision. We investigated whether the distribution of fixations on an object has an e...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal sampling of visual information for lightness judgments

Toscani

Valsecchi

Gegenfurtner

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In recent years, Katz's term 'articulation' has come to denote whatever attributes of the visual field enable color constancy's success. Candidates that have been suggested include the numerosity of objects (Koffka, 1935;Linnell & Forster, 2002), variations of colors in the visual field (Mausfeld & Andres, 2002), spatial location (Schirillo & Shevell, 2002), the threedimensional structure of the space (Bloj & Hurlbert, 2002;Katz, 1935) and finally what Kraft, Maloney and Brainard call 'valid' cues (Kraft et al, 2002). See Gilchrist, A.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Constancy, Categories and Bayes: A New Approach to Representational Theories of Color Constancy

Bradley¹

2008

Philosophical Psychology

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“…In parallel with direct assessment of the perception of the light field, the past decade has seen a slew of papers that study how the visual system achieves color and lightness constancy in the context of spatially complex light fields (e.g., Bloj & Hurlbert, 2002;Bloj, Kersten, & Hurlbert, 1999;Bloj et al, 2004;Boyaci, Doerschner, & Maloney, 2004;Boyaci et al, 2006;Boyaci, Maloney, & Hersh, 2003;Hedrich, Bloj, & Ruppertsberg, 2009;Kraft, Maloney, & Brainard, 2002;Ripamonti et al, 2004;Robilotto & Zaidi, 2004;Snyder, Doerschner, & Maloney, 2005;Todd, Norman, & Mingolla, 2004;Werner, 2006;Yang & Maloney, 2001;Yang & Shevell, 2002;Zaidi & Bostic, 2008). Important earlier work includes Gilchrist (1977Gilchrist ( , 1980, Hochberg and Beck (1954), Ikeda, Shinoda, andMizokami (1998), andPessoa, Mingolla, andArend (1996).…”

Section: Complex Light Fields and Surface Color/lightness Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Color and material perception: Achievements and challenges

Maloney

Brainard

2010

Journal of Vision

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There is a large literature characterizing human perception of the lightness and color of matte surfaces arranged in coplanar arrays. In the past ten years researchers have begun to examine perception of lightness and color using wider ranges of stimuli intended to better approximate the conditions of everyday viewing. One emerging line of research concerns perception of lightness and color in scenes that approximate the three-dimensional environment we live in, with objects that need not be matte or coplanar and with geometrically complex illumination. A second concerns the perception of material surface properties other than color and lightness, such as gloss or roughness. This special issue features papers that address the rich set of questions and approaches that have emerged from these new research directions. Here, we briefly describe the articles in the issue and their relation to previous work.

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An Empirical Study of the Traditional Mach Card Effect

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Optimal sampling of visual information for lightness judgments

Optimal sampling of visual information for lightness judgments

Constancy, Categories and Bayes: A New Approach to Representational Theories of Color Constancy

Color and material perception: Achievements and challenges

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