“…However, evidence from the computer science literature regarding the effects of competition that results from gamification on learning is mixed. For instance, some studies find that it has zero or negative impacts on the effectiveness of education (e.g., Amriani, Aji, Utomo, & Junus, 2013;Hanus & Fox, 2015), and others find significant positive impacts of gamification on educational outcomes (e.g., Bellotti et al, 2013;Ibanez, Di-Serio, & Delgado-Kloos, 2014). 12 The insurance that TIA provides is compliant with Sharia, or Islamic, law so that it can be purchased by East Africans who observe Sharia.…”