An empirical investigation of financial development and ecological footprint in South Asia: Bridging the EKC and pollution haven hypotheses

Linking clean energy consumption, globalization, and financial development to the ecological footprint in a developing country: Insights from the novel dynamic ARDL simulation techniques

“…This shows that FDV is consistent with environmental sustainability in Bangladesh. This outcome is parallel to the results obtained by Ramzan et al [ 78 ] for Pakistan, Arogundade et al [ 79 ] for Africa, and Ozturk et al [ 80 ] for South Asia, but contradicts the findings of Wang et al [ 81 ] for developing European countries. In practice, strengthening the financial system will help alleviate environmental challenges in Bangladesh.…”

Does Political (De)stabilization Drive Clean Energy Transition?

“…Among the other covariates that are used as controls within the baseline model, the variable LnC stands for the annual per capita discharges of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) which are expressed in natural log levels. Since more CO 2 emissions pile up environmental concerns (Ozturk et al 2023), it can be expected to motivate the stakeholders in facilitating the CET process. Conversely, low levels of per capita CO 2 emissions may not instigate concerns regarding environmental problems and therefore delay the CET process by surging fossil fuel dependencies further.…”

“…Conversely, low levels of per capita CO 2 emissions may not instigate concerns regarding environmental problems and therefore delay the CET process by surging fossil fuel dependencies further. The variable F stands for the annual share of domestic borrowing by the private sector in the GDP which provides an account of the extent of fi nancial development in the respective South Asian countries (Ozturk et al 2023) Similarly, the variable REM stands for the annual share of net remittance receipts of international remittances in the GDP. Since international remittance plays a big role in the development of South Asian nations, it is relevant to control for it within the model.…”

The trilemma among CO2 emissions, energy use, and economic growth in Russia

“…This group presents studies investigating the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). As shown in Table 3 , the validity of the EKC hypothesis has been proven in most of the studies conducted in the environmental-economics literature (Dijkgraaf and Vollebergh 86 ; Iwata et al 87 ; Nasir and Rehman 85 ; Castiglione et al 88 ; Esteve and Tamarit 89 ; Shahbaz et al 90 ; Baek and Kim 91 ; Sulaiman et al 92 ; Heidari et al 93 ; Al-Mulali and Ozturk 94 ; Bilgili et al 95 ; Dogan and Seker 96 ; Ulucak and Bilgili 97 ; Koçak and Şarkgüneşi 98 ; Köksal et al 99 ; Jahanger et al 100 ; Ozturk et al 101 ; Pata et al 102 ). Contrary to these studies, Roca and Alcántara 103 , He and Richard 104 , Arouri et al 105 , Ozturk and Al-Mulali 106 , Dogan and Turkekul 107 , Liu et al 108 and Pata and Tanriover 109 do not reach results able to provide empirical support to the EKC hypothesis.…”