2023
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37251-5
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The trilemma among CO2 emissions, energy use, and economic growth in Russia

Abstract: This paper examines the relationship among CO2 emissions, energy use, and GDP in Russia using annual data ranging from 1990 to 2020. We first conduct time-series analyses (stationarity, structural breaks, cointegration, and causality tests). Then, we performed some Machine Learning experiments as robustness checks. Both approaches underline a bidirectional causal flow between energy use and CO2 emissions; a unidirectional link running from CO2 emissions to real GDP; and the predominance of the “neutrality hypo… Show more

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Cited by 35 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…As a consequence, the EU introduced economic sanctions targeting the Russian energy industry, most notably the coal and oil sectors. Therefore, a strong link between oil prices and stock market returns persists (Magazzino et al 2023 ; Magazzino and Mele 2022 ).…”
Section: Conclusion and Policy Implicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As a consequence, the EU introduced economic sanctions targeting the Russian energy industry, most notably the coal and oil sectors. Therefore, a strong link between oil prices and stock market returns persists (Magazzino et al 2023 ; Magazzino and Mele 2022 ).…”
Section: Conclusion and Policy Implicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cost Initial investment in developing a renewable energy project is often expensive. The new technology and infrastructure required to produce renewable energy still require high costs, thereby discouraging investors from participating in this sector (Magazzino et al, 2023) (Fang et al, 2023). 4.…”
Section: Identification Of Challenges and Opportunities For The Devel...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, the current political climate in Russia does not prioritize environmental policies, and the government's response to environmental issues has been relatively weak compared to other countries. Furthermore, the implementation of the recommendations would require significant investment in renewable energy technology, which may not be feasible given the current economic situation in Russia [89]. The country has significant reserves of oil and gas, which are essential to its economy.…”
Section: Limitations Of the Study And Future Directionsmentioning
confidence: 99%