An empirical comparison of the therapeutic benefits of physical exercise and cognitive training on the executive functions of older adults: A meta-analysis of controlled trials.

Karr, Justin E; Areshenkoff, Corson N.; Rast, Philippe; Garcia‐Barrera, Mauricio A.

doi:10.1037/neu0000101

Cited by 80 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, greater participation in cognitive, physical and social activity promotes better cognitive performance [52]. A meta-analysis study further suggested the additive benefits of combined physical and cognitive interventions for executive functions in a healthy sample of older adults [10], as well as pronounced cognitive and motor functioning improvements [53]. Lastly, a 6-year longitudinal study revealed that older adults' physical and cognitive engagement was associated with happiness, better functioning, and reduced mortality [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Physical exercise engagement is associated with neurophysiological benefits among older adults, [7] and research suggests that physical activity may buffer against cognitive decline in impaired and healthy older adults [8,9,10], potentially improve cognitive capacities [11], and reduce overall cognitive decline [8]. Psychological and physiological pathologies, such as depression, anxiety, loneliness, psychological stress reactions, and increased circulating levels of cortisol may also be reduced via engagement in physical activity [12,13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Frequently endorsed cognitive and physical activities among community-dwelling older adults

Silva¹,

Adams²,

Fogel³

et al. 2017

Balt J Health Phys Act

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Open Access License:This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. abstract BackgroundDespite the established benefits of cognitive and physical activity, a paucity of research examines the specific activities older adults favor, particularly those meeting the nationally recommended minimum duration of > 30 minutes per session. Material/Methods260 non-demented, community-dwelling participants aged 70 and above self-reported the duration of their participation in 26 cognitive and physical activities during a typical week.Overall activity engagement was investigated by sex and educational level. ResultsThe most endorsed physical activities were walking, stretching/yoga and gardening, while the most endorsed cognitive activities were reading magazines/newspapers, reading books, and doing crosswords. Walking (p = .048), swimming (p = .008), reading magazines/ newspapers (p=.011), writing (p=.001), and attending lectures (p = .007) were more common among those with > 12 years of education, while reading books (p = .039) and sewing/knitting (p = .040) were more common among those with ≤ 12 years of education. Doing crossword puzzles (p = .003), sewing/knitting (p = .001), and dancing (p = .015) were more common among females, while weight training (p = .009) and fishing (p = .003) were more common among males. ConclusionsOverall, results revealed several statistically significant activity engagement differences by sex and education. Findings are discussed in relation to enhancing older adults' participation in activities that may improve their overall functioning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequently endorsed cognitive and physical activities among community-dwelling older adults

Silva¹,

Adams²,

Fogel³

et al. 2017

Balt J Health Phys Act

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“…Regarding future research, more work is needed to better understand when exercise transitions from healthful to harmful. Moderate exercise confers a multitude of health benefits (Brown et al, 2012; Hogan et al, 2013; Karr et al, 2014; Stanton & Reaburn, 2014), yet excessive exercise has extremely deleterious effects (Mond et al, 2004; O’Keefe et al, 2012; Williams & Thompson, 2014). Thus, it is possible that the relationship between exercise and health is curvilinear—this would mean that after reaching a certain threshold, exercise becomes exponentially more harmful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The benefits of regular, moderate physical activity range from decreasing the risk of cancer (Brown, Winters-Stone, Lee, & Schmitz, 2012) to improving cognition (Hogan, Mata, & Carstensen, 2013; Karr, Areshenkoff, Rast, & Garcia-Barrera, 2014) and improving outcomes for treatment-resistant major depression (Stanton & Reaburn, 2014). However, not all amounts and types of physical activity confer health benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using implicit attitudes of exercise importance to predict explicit exercise dependence symptoms and exercise behaviors

Forrest

Smith

Fussner

et al. 2016

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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Objectives ”Fast” (i.e., implicit) processing is relatively automatic; “slow” (i.e., explicit) processing is relatively controlled and can override automatic processing. These different processing types often produce different responses that uniquely predict behaviors. In the present study, we tested if explicit, self-reported symptoms of exercise dependence and an implicit association of exercise as important predicted exercise behaviors and change in problematic exercise attitudes. Design We assessed implicit attitudes of exercise importance and self-reported symptoms of exercise dependence at Time 1. Participants reported daily exercise behaviors for approximately one month, and then completed a Time 2 assessment of self-reported exercise dependence symptoms. Method Undergraduate males and females (Time 1, N = 93; Time 2, N = 74) tracked daily exercise behaviors for one month and completed an Implicit Association Test assessing implicit exercise importance and subscales of the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire (EDQ) assessing exercise dependence symptoms. Results Implicit attitudes of exercise importance and Time 1 EDQ scores predicted Time 2 EDQ scores. Further, implicit exercise importance and Time 1 EDQ scores predicted daily exercise intensity while Time 1 EDQ scores predicted the amount of days exercised. Conclusion Implicit and explicit processing appear to uniquely predict exercise behaviors and attitudes. Given that different implicit and explicit processes may drive certain exercise factors (e.g., intensity and frequency, respectively), these behaviors may contribute to different aspects of exercise dependence.

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“…Como fator preventivo e de controle destas alterações, o exercício físico vem a contribuir para a conservação ou até mesmo melhora das alterações abordadas acima, pois ao se desenvolver um determinado tipo de exercício físico, devemos levar em consideração a necessidade do mesmo, assim procurando sempre a facilitar a execução das AVDs de idosos (PLUMMER et al, 2016;CHAN et al, 2015;ZHANG;SHUAI, 2015;KARR et al, 2014;GINÉ-GARRICA et al, 2014;VRIES et al, 2012).…”

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Avaliação Da Flexibilidade E Força Muscular De Membros Inferiores Em Idosas Praticantes De Hidroginástica

Oliveira¹,

Pereira²,

Antunes

et al. 2017

SaudPesq

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Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a flexibilidade e força muscular de membros inferiores de idosas praticantes de hidroginástica no município de Sarandi, Estado do Paraná. Foram avaliadas 31 idosas praticantes de hidroginástica. Para a avaliação da flexibilidade foi utilizado o teste de Sentar e Alcançar e para a avaliação de força muscular de membros inferiores foi utilizado o teste de sentar e levantar de cadeira em 30 segundos. A análise de dados foi realizada por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial.

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An empirical comparison of the therapeutic benefits of physical exercise and cognitive training on the executive functions of older adults: A meta-analysis of controlled trials.

Cited by 80 publications

References 115 publications

Frequently endorsed cognitive and physical activities among community-dwelling older adults

Frequently endorsed cognitive and physical activities among community-dwelling older adults

Using implicit attitudes of exercise importance to predict explicit exercise dependence symptoms and exercise behaviors

Avaliação Da Flexibilidade E Força Muscular De Membros Inferiores Em Idosas Praticantes De Hidroginástica

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