An emendation of the genusMorganella ZELLER (Lycoperdaceae) With 2 plates and 3 figures

Kreisel, H.; Dring, D. M.

doi:10.1002/fedr.4910740105

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“…This species, as Kreisel (1967) stated, includes the type of the genus, Morganella mexicana Zeller. It differs from M. velutina in its exoperidium composed of pluricellar hyphae; that of M. velutina is composed of club-shaped setae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The material deposited by Zeller in the Morgan Herbarium at the University of Iowa cannot be found. The material from Newfield, New Jersey, Ellis 5013 (NY), cited as paratype by Zeller, has been identified by Kreisel (1967) as Morganella velutina (Berk, ex Mass.) Kreisel and Dring.…”

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“…In the remaining Lycoperdales, only Lycoperdon pyriforme lives on decaying wood and Lycoperdon (Bovista) acuminata in the bark of living trees; both of these species have abundant capillitium in the gleba.Although Zeller's decision to place Morganella in the Lycoperdaceae instead of the Mesophelliaceae was, according to his own statement, "for convenience" until more was known as to the membranes in the gleba, he was correct, not only because of the membranes which are also present in the gleba of Lycoperdon, Calvatia, Geastrum, and in the family Mesophelliaecae, but also because, as he later established (Zeller, 1949), the genera of the Mesophelliaceae have three layers in the exoperidium and Morganella has only two. Kreisel (1967) accepted the fact that Morganella falls within the Lycoperdaceae in spite of its lack of capillitium, and separated it from the Mesophelliaceae because of the presence of three layers of exoperidium in the latter.CONSPECTUS OF THE GENUS MORGANELLA SECTION MORGANELLA Subgleba not chambered.Type: Morganella fuliginea Group FuligineaeExoperidium spinose or tuberculate, consisting of chains of short cells.M. fuliginea M. purpurascens…”

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“…Although Zeller's decision to place Morganella in the Lycoperdaceae instead of the Mesophelliaceae was, according to his own statement, "for convenience" until more was known as to the membranes in the gleba, he was correct, not only because of the membranes which are also present in the gleba of Lycoperdon, Calvatia, Geastrum, and in the family Mesophelliaecae, but also because, as he later established (Zeller, 1949), the genera of the Mesophelliaceae have three layers in the exoperidium and Morganella has only two. Kreisel (1967) accepted the fact that Morganella falls within the Lycoperdaceae in spite of its lack of capillitium, and separated it from the Mesophelliaceae because of the presence of three layers of exoperidium in the latter.…”

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“…Tropical Africa. Discussion. Kreisel & Dring (1967) said: "This species is quite close to M. subincarnata but is distinguished by the smooth or almost smooth endoperidium and the poorly developed glebal membranes and pseudocolumella." Material observed.…”

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Revision of the genus Morganella (Lycoperdaceae)

Leon¹

1971

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Fructifications epigeous, 1-3 cm. in diameter, depressed-globose to turbinate; peridium double; exoperidium velutinous, furfuraceous, granular, tuberculose or spinulose, whitish, tan, flesh-colored, or deep red-brown to purplish-black; endoperidium papery above, thickened below, flaccid, smooth or reticulate, mouth irregular, apical; gleba pulverulent, without a true capillitium, paracapillitium abundant, glebal membranes abundant, pseudocolumella sometimes present, these elements all strongly cyanophilous; subgleba compact or chambered (sometimes almost indiscernible); spores globose to broadly ovoid, smooth, verruculose to spinose, 3.5-4.5 /* in diameter.Species usually growing on decaying wood. Type species. Morganella mexicana Zeller, Mycologia 40: 650. 1948. Type locality. Mexico. Specimens: Macbride, Sonora, Guaymas (NY). The material deposited by Zeller in the Morgan Herbarium at the University of Iowa cannot be found. The material from Newfield, New Jersey, Ellis 5013 (NY), cited as paratype by Zeller, has been identified by Kreisel (1967) as Morganella velutina (Berk, ex Mass.) Kreisel and Dring. Geographic distribution. Morganella is pantropical, with most of the species, M. fuliginea, M. velutina, M. puiggarii, and M. stercoraria, occurring in tropical America; M. velutina reaches the temperate zone in eastern North America, and M. puiggarii reaches it in South America; M. fuliginea covers a wide area in tropical America, and also occurs in West Africa; M. stercoraria occurs only Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 73-156851 Publication 1127 27 I MAY ] 5 1972 I AY 17 1Q7? blOLOGY LIBRAE 28 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 34in the West Indies; M. afra occurs in tropical Africa; M. purpurascens has a wide distribution in tropical Asia; M. samoense is known only from Samoa; M. compacta and M. subincarnata are the only two extra-tropical species M. compacta occurring only in New Zealand and M. subincarnata in the temperate zone of North America.It appears possible to me that the Caribbean region may have been the geographical center of development of Morganella, at least of the American species, and perhaps of all of them. Morganella fuliginea and M. velutina are especially abundant in Caribbean and circumcaribbean lands.Discussion. Morganella is easily distinguished from Lycoperdon, Calvatia, Bovista, and other members of the Lycoperdales, by its small size, habit of growing on wood, absence of capillitium, and the presence of abundant glebal membranes and paracapillitium. The peridium has two layers. The outer one is used to separate the species: it is velvety or velutinous in M. velutina and M. puiggarii; tuberculose in M. fuliginea, M. purpurascens, M. subincarnata, and M. samoense (the tubercules composed of pluricellular hyphae); granulose in M. afra; with large spines in M. compacta. The lignicolous habit is characteristic of all species of Morganella except M. stercoraria, which lives on cow dung. In the remaining Lycoperdales, only Lycoperdon pyriforme lives on decaying wood and Lycoperdon (Bo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

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