An electromechanical model for the temperature dependence of resistance and piezoresistance behavior in a CFRP unidirectional laminate

Ogi, Keiji; Inoue, Hiroki; Takao, Yoshihiro

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.06.012

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Electrical resistance change method (ERCM) is of great interest as an in-service structural health monitoring system for graphite/polymer composites. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] ERCM uses the graphite fibers in the composite structure as an electrical network and measures resistance changes caused by damage, deformation, temperature change, and so on. By placing electrodes on the surface of the structure, the graphite fiber composite can serve as a continuum sensor for the detection of structural change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of temperature dependency of electrical resistance changes for structural management of graphite/polymer composite

Takahashi

Hahn

2011

Journal of Composite Materials

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This article investigates the dependency of electrical resistance on temperature for graphite/polymer composites. The electrical resistance change of a unidirectional laminate is measured with elevated temperature in the fiber, transverse and through-thickness directions. Because of the properties of graphite fibers, the electrical resistance decreases as temperature increases in any direction. The activation energy is calculated from an Arrhenius plot to evaluate the difference among the different directions. The activation energy is the lowest in the fiber direction due to the high electrical conductivity of graphite fibers. Since electric current flows thorough the contacts between neighboring graphite fibers, similar activation energies are required in the transverse and through-thickness directions, indicating transversely isotropic properties. These characteristics will be used to establish the relationship between electrical resistance outputs and structural conditions, and will be eventually applied to an in-service structural management system using addressable conducting network, which is a grid arrangement of conducting lines on a composite panel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of temperature dependency of electrical resistance changes for structural management of graphite/polymer composite

Takahashi

Hahn

2011

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…The ERCM uses graphite fibers in the composite structure as an electrical network that detects resistance changes caused by damage, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] deformation, [14][15][16][17] and changes in temperature. [18][19][20][21] Compared with other monitoring systems, such as optical fiber 22,23 or piezoelectric sensors, 24 the ERCM has the distinctive advantages of not requiring expensive instruments to detect damage nor degrade mechanical properties due to embedding sensors. 25 To apply the ERCM into practical use, further efforts need to be made to scale up the damage detection system whereas most of the work on the ERCM examined small specimens with a few pairs of electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards practical application of electrical resistance change measurement for damage monitoring using an addressable conducting network

Takahashi

Hahn

2011

Structural Health Monitoring

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This article considers the practical use of electrical resistance change method (ERCM) for damage detection in graphite/ polymer composites. ERCM utilizes the high electrical conductivity of graphite fibers in the composites and can detect damage by change in electrical resistance. Since the effectiveness of ERCM has been shown extensively in the literature, it is now necessary to consider how to apply ERCM into existing structures. For practical use of ERCM, a new concept of an addressable conducting network (ACN) has been proposed, which consists of two sets of conducting lines normal to each other. One set of lines resides on the top surface of the laminate and the other resides on the bottom surface. Damage can be detected by monitoring resistance change between two lines across the laminate thickness. In this article, composite panels with several sets of conducting lines are locally loaded by a static indentation test and examined to monitor the distribution of electrical resistance changes. Monitoring the changes in resistance successfully indicated the damage occurrence, but it is sometimes difficult to pinpoint the damage location due to the resistance changes caused by compressive deformation. To improve the sensitivity of ACN to damage, the relationship between damage location and electrical conductivity was investigated using a design of experiments. The changes in resistance with various damage locations and electrical conductivities were acquired from finite element analysis, and the results suggested several ways to optimize damage detection. Depending on the damage tolerance of target structure, spacing of conducting lines and the electrical conductivities can be preferably selected toward practical application of ACN.

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“…It monitors electrical resistance changes during the operation of the composite system in service. The electrical resistance changes due to structural deformation are applied to strain monitoring [9][10][11] and those due to interruption in the electric current flow allow structural damage detection [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Simple electrodes placed on the composite surface can be used to monitor the structural condition without any additional expensive sensors or instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most papers on the ERCM do not discuss implementation in real structures, instead using beam or thin panel structures that have simple unidirectional or cross-ply stacking sequences. The main difficulty in implementing the ERCM comes from the complexity of the electrical network formed by graphite fibers [24,25]. The electrical network varies depending on the location of the electrodes [16] and the stacking sequence of the laminate [14], affecting the sensitivity to damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An addressable conducting network for autonomic structural health management of composite structures

Takahashi¹,

Park²,

Hahn³

2010

Smart Mater. Struct.

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The electrical resistance change method (ERCM) has long been an area of interest as an in-service health monitoring system. To apply the ERCM to existing structures, a new concept, the addressable conducting network (ACN), is proposed for autonomic structural health management of graphite/polymer composites. The ACN consists of two sets of conducting lines normal to each other, where one set resides on the top surface of the laminate and the other on the bottom surface. Damage can be detected by monitoring the resistance change 'through the laminate thickness' between two lines. By using a thermally mendable polymer as the matrix, the same conducting lines can be used to supply the electric current needed for resistive heating, thereby allowing the detected damage to be healed. As shown experimentally, the electrical resistance change method using an ACN distinguishes between laminates made of properly and improperly cured prepreg as well as revealing damage generated during three-point bending tests. Finite element analysis was performed to examine the feasibility of the ACN and indicated that the damage can be easily located from the spatial distribution of resistance changes and that the damaged area can be locally heated by supplying a large amount of current to selected conducting lines.

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An electromechanical model for the temperature dependence of resistance and piezoresistance behavior in a CFRP unidirectional laminate

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Investigation of temperature dependency of electrical resistance changes for structural management of graphite/polymer composite

Investigation of temperature dependency of electrical resistance changes for structural management of graphite/polymer composite

Towards practical application of electrical resistance change measurement for damage monitoring using an addressable conducting network

An addressable conducting network for autonomic structural health management of composite structures

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